Moral and psychological climate in the team

Psychological climate is the mood of the team, the moral and psychological atmosphere that permeates the relationships of its participants. We are not necessarily talking about the work collective, although more often this is the case. The psychological climate exists in an interest group, in the family, in school, and in any collective activity. The success of this activity and the health of each of its participants depend on the atmosphere prevailing in the group. Creating a favorable psychological climate is included in measures to prevent psychosomatic diseases, conflicts, and neuroses.

What affects climate

The climate is influenced by a number of factors:

Type of organization, team. Open or closed, private or public, scientific or industrial organization. Family, class, criminal group, charitable association. The image and standard of living of the team members. Micro (everyday for a particular person) and macro (city, country, culture of society) conditions: normal, complicated, extreme. Rational organization of work, compliance with the regime and rights, taking into account the capabilities and characteristics of each team member. Team structure. Informal leaders or groups in a team. Leadership style and features

A favorable climate requires attention from the manager not only to production issues, but also to the personal problems of team members. That is, the democratic style. Individual psychological and personal characteristics of team members

Personal opinion, mood and behavior of a person contribute to the overall climate. This is based on passing external factors and events through the prism of one’s own character and personality. The combination of the characteristics of all participants forms a new collective quality - the psyche of the collective. Therefore, the psychological compatibility of the participants, primarily in terms of temperament, plays a big role. Psychologically, people must be compatible in terms of psychomotor reactions, emotional and volitional manifestations, the work of thinking and attention, and character. Incompatibility causes antipathy, hostility, and conflicts. Self-assessment of each participant. His self-awareness and the correspondence of claims and achievements.

The leader has a great influence on climate formation

You should pay attention to his personal qualities, attitude towards other participants, authority, leadership style. A positive climate is created by a leader who:

principled;
responsible;
active;
disciplined;
kind, responsive and sociable;
has organizational skills.

Rudeness, selfishness, inconsistency, disrespect, and careerism have a negative impact on the health of the climate.

The conditions that dictate the climate also depend on the leader. Necessary:

be friendly and respectful in relationships;
provide employees with the opportunity to choose their own area of activity;
notice and celebrate the activity and creativity of employees;
promote employee interest in self-development;
motivate employees for career advancement with the aim of not only material gain, but also to gain prestige and recognition from the team;
be a good qualified leader and a kind mentor.

What a leader can do for a favorable climate:

It is justified from a psychological standpoint to select personnel.
Organize regular training and certification.
Study and practice the theory of psychological compatibility, that is, have a good understanding of people.
Contribute through practical activities (through organizing events) to the development of interaction and relationship skills.

Climate structure

The structure of the climate in the workforce includes two elements:

Relationship between people.
Attitude to work.

Interpersonal relationships are of two types (branch to the side in the structure):

horizontal relationships, that is, between subordinates;
vertical relationships, that is, between subordinates and superiors.

Each of the three types of relationships affects team cohesion, employee satisfaction and their motivation to continue working in this team.

Creating a favorable moral and psychological climate in the team

There are various methods and trainings that allow you to maintain a positive microclimate in the team. Many enterprises employ full-time psychologists and take care of organizing role-playing games, tests, and individual work with staff. Some companies hire outside specialists to temporarily work with staff. Improved working conditions, moral and material stimulation of employees have a beneficial effect on the industrial complex.

Group work with a team

Among the effective measures to reduce social tension, psychologists identify:

Staffing a team taking into account the psychological compatibility of workers (psychologists recommend first determining the level of leadership in subordinates, then combining people with different types of behavior: followers with leaders).
Careful selection, placement, training and testing of managers.
Limitation of the number of employees subordinate to the manager (5-7 people);
Elimination of unnecessary employees and vacancies.
Using the substantive elements of climate (rules, norms, values, general opinion and attitude).
Preventing and resolving interpersonal misunderstandings.
Engaging employees with personal experience, using brief examples, conducting business games, and using persuasion methods.

Labor collective

The main task of managers should be to set goals, objectives, and fair labor standards. Recognize the need to maintain a balance between business, family, personal, and group interests of employees.

Individual work with team members

Satisfaction indicators are considered the most important; the state of the SPC can be directly determined by the mood of individual employees, so management needs to know exactly:

employees are satisfied or dissatisfied with their working conditions, relationships with colleagues, status in the team;
Do employees discuss personal matters?
whether the team agrees to maintain cohesion;
is the employee ready to take responsibility for the actions of colleagues;
what position would you like to take in the overall cause?

The study of subjective satisfaction is carried out on the basis of tests, psychology questionnaires, and personal interviews. Harmony is the result of employee compatibility. The phenomenon promotes maximum success of teamwork at minimal cost.

What is the socio-psychological climate of the SEC

The microclimate in a team is a set of moral values, official and informal relationships and assessments that influence the emotional mood. SEC contributes to the activation or suppression of the life processes of the collective.

In the structure of the socio-psychological climate, there are two key sections: the attitude of employees to work and to each other. In both situations, there are emotional and objective elements (work environment, time of action).

Interpersonal relationships are differentiated by levels: horizontal – between employees; vertical – between management and subordinates. Manifestations of SPC also depend on the attitude of individuals towards themselves and the world around them; they can be direct or indirect (which are determined by a person’s lifestyle).

Climate levels

Climate has two levels: static and dynamic.

Static

This is a stable attitude of employees towards work, constant interpersonal relationships. The climate is stable and tolerates external influences well. It is not easy to create a climate at this level, but then it is easy to maintain. Team members feel this stability, which makes them more confident in their own position. Climate correction is practically not required, control is occasional. This level is also called the socio-psychological climate.

Dynamic

This is the changing nature of the team. The climate changes daily due to the changing moods of its participants. This level is also called the psychological atmosphere. It changes faster and is less felt by the participants. As changes accumulate, it can create an unhealthy climate in the team.

Satisfaction as a criterion

The basis for climate assessment is people’s satisfaction/dissatisfaction with relationships in the team and the activity itself. However, you need to understand that satisfaction can be subjective and objective.

It often happens that one person is completely satisfied with the team, while another is not at all satisfied with the working conditions. This is subjectivity in assessment. Differences in experience, conditions and quality of life, interests, character of people and other individual characteristics contribute. The principle of subjective satisfaction is the relationship between the parameters “I give” and “I receive”.

Dissatisfaction with delayed wages, regular punishments, non-compliance with labor standards, violation of rights is an objective indicator.

Signs characterizing climate

Externally, you can judge the climate of a team by the following signs (useful for those applying for a job):

staff turnover;
product quality;
level of discipline;
claims and complaints, negative feedback from employees;
frequent breaks from work;
negligence and carelessness.

The better these indicators, the more favorable the climate. Signs of a favorable climate also include:

trust and high demands in relationships;
kind and constructive criticism;
freedom of speech and opinion;
providing initiative to employees, lack of managerial pressure;
awareness of participants in team issues;
satisfaction from belonging to this group;
mutual assistance and highly developed empathy;
responsibility for yourself and the entire team.

Climate diagnostics

The socio-psychological climate in a team is an indicator of the level of development of the team. Therefore, it is important to regularly carry out diagnostics and monitor dynamics, to identify the properties that hold the team together or destroy it. For this purpose, the method of assessing the level of psychological climate of A. N. Lutoshkin’s team is suitable.

The subject is asked to answer 13 statements regarding the team in which he is located. The score can be from -3 to 3.

Answer form

22 points and more – highly favorable climate.

8-22 points – moderately favorable climate.

0-8 points – low favorable climate.

From 0 to -8 – initial unfavorability.

From -8 to -10 – moderately unfavorable climate.

From -10 and more – pronounced unfavorability, unhealthy climate.

Each team member takes the questionnaire. When summing up, all points are summed up and divided by the number of people surveyed. The final number is the overall score of the team. You can also calculate an overall score for individual criteria.

What is psychological climate

The psychological climate in a team is a complex characteristic of interpersonal relationships, the degree of satisfaction of workers with working conditions and quantitative assessment (i.e., salary) of their activities in the group, as well as conditions that promote (and perhaps hinder) productive teamwork and comprehensive personal development in this particular community of people.

A favorable psychological attitude promotes work motivation and increases the level of social optimism of everyone. The socio-psychological climate in the team (SPCC), maintained at a normal level, allows each participant in the labor process to feel like a part of a huge group of people making a certain contribution to the common cause. Thus, a person maintains an interest in what he is doing, which is an incentive to fairly evaluate the successes (and sometimes failures) not only of his own, but also of his colleagues and the entire enterprise as a whole.

Psychological climate is a well-defined system of customs and norms accepted in this particular group of people. Each participant in the labor process depends on each other (that is, so-called social connections work), at the same time they depend on the functions performed together (that is, task connections function).

SPCC influences labor productivity, the attitude of employees both to the organization in general and to a specific manager in particular, as well as to their immediate responsibilities.

What it is

The term “psychological climate” was first uttered by N. S. Mansurov in the context of studying a production team. A little later, psychologists began to distinguish between socio-psychological and moral-psychological climate. Psychological climate is a broad concept, the rest are included in it.

Psychological climate is the nature of emotions that arise in relationships between people, based on their sympathies, coincidence of interests, characters and inclinations. The psychological climate includes 3 areas:

Social climate – awareness of goals and objectives by all participants, respect for rights and responsibilities.
Moral climate - values accepted in the group. Their unity, acceptance, consistency.
The actual psychological climate is informal relationships in the team.

There are 4 approaches to studying the psychological climate in a team:

Climate is a collective consciousness. Awareness by each member of society of relationships in the team, working conditions, methods of stimulating it.
Climate is the mood of the team. That is, the leading role is given not to consciousness, but to emotions.
Climate is the style of interaction between people that influences their condition.
Climate is an indicator of the compatibility of the group, the moral and psychological unity of its participants. The presence of common opinions, traditions and customs.

The peculiarity of the psychological climate as a phenomenon is that it is created by the person himself, he is able to influence the climate, improve and change.

How to improve a company's SEC

Just like corporate culture, the atmosphere in the team largely depends on the actions of the owner (or his representative) and the company’s top managers. For example:

Behave fairly with employees and customers. You cannot demand honest behavior from employees if the company itself treats its employees and customers dishonestly. Promise only what you can deliver. It is better to promise less and give more than to deceive a person’s hopes. Adhere to the rules adopted by the company. As a rule, in companies with a favorable SPC, the rules are the same for everyone, including the owners. Create a fair system of staff motivation. There should be no favorites or outsiders in the company. Comply with moral standards and legal requirements. Provide quality feedback. Inform subordinates about the results achieved. To do this, hold meetings/rallies/planning meetings. Regularly inform employees about important decisions made by company management. Make your actions clear and reasonable. Show genuine interest in employee suggestions. Create and maintain an atmosphere of mutual respect. Show the company's prospects in the market, its future

It is especially important during a difficult situation in society, both economic and political, when the level of people’s anxiety increases. Provide good sanitary and hygienic working conditions. Dim lighting, continuous noise, heat or, conversely, cold, lack of conditions for lunch can irritate workers, which can negatively affect the atmosphere in the team. Determine at the interview stage whether the future job is attractive for the candidate: whether it will be creative, varied, interesting for the employee, how much it meets his expectations financially, in the implementation of his professional or career development, and the disclosure of potential. Clearly distribute the professional responsibilities of employees and their areas of responsibility. Provide employees with accurate data on an issue that is important to them

This will protect the company from gossip and double understanding of information. Choose a leadership style that is appropriate for the company. For example, a democratic style brings trust and friendliness to relationships, gives the opportunity to all team members to participate in solving work issues, an authoritarian style will be justified in sports, the army, the police, in situations where the cost of a mistake is very high (surgery, pharmaceuticals, etc. ), in creative companies, in which all employees are highly qualified specialists, a liberal leadership style has proven itself well.

If you are interested in having loyal, results-responsible, positive-minded employees working in your company, manage the creation and maintenance of a favorable atmosphere in the team, set a worthy example with your mood and activities.

Consequences of a negative atmosphere in the team

If tension in a team persists for a long time, it will inevitably lead to negative consequences. Among the most likely:

increased staff turnover: employees often leave of their own free will, while there were no prerequisites for this from management (for example, a salary reduction or a change in work schedule);
“migration” of employees within the company: specialists from one of the departments turn to the manager with applications to transfer them to other departments;
development of dissatisfaction among employees: topics of lack of prospects, comparisons with competing companies and discussion of the negative state of affairs become the main ones in communication;
an increase in the number of disputes between employees: both in one division and between different departments;
decreased labor productivity: it inevitably develops in a team where there is socio-psychological tension; as a result, the company begins to lag behind planned indicators, new and ongoing projects are under threat;
decrease in the quality of the result: as a rule, it is observed in the area where there is moral tension.

An unfavorable atmosphere affects all team members. At some point, the manager is also drawn into it. If he does not strive to understand the reasons for what is happening and eliminate the root of the problem, his functions are reduced to resolving numerous current conflicts. At the same time, the manager’s time is distributed irrationally: conflicts do not allow him to focus on achieving the planned financial goal.

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Compatibility and harmony of team members

Those relationships that were formed in the process of communication between people are an indicator of their psychological compatibility. It is believed that it is much easier for people who are similar to each other to establish interaction. Similarity helps the employee feel safe and increases self-esteem.

However, it is necessary to distinguish between concepts such as harmony and compatibility. If psychological compatibility is based on the characteristics of relationships between people, and it can be judged after a relatively short period of time after the start of joint activities, then harmony takes years to develop. Its basis is the successful results of joint activities. In this case, both harmony and compatibility matter.

Levels

In psychology, it is customary to consider the psychological climate at two levels (two types):

Static level. This is that part of the climate that is determined by the stable characteristics of the team: the system of likes and dislikes, attitude towards work, values and beliefs of employees. This level of climate is resistant to the influence of negative external factors. Reaching this level is the height of mastery. A static climate is typical for older groups, but even such groups do not always manage to reach this level.
Dynamic level. This is the part of the climate that changes daily and depends on mood, current life problems and important events in the lives of workers. This level is typical for fresh, young teams. However, even in an old team there can be a dynamic, that is, unstable climate. He is weak to the influence of external factors.

In a static climate, participants feel safe. At the dynamic level there is tension, a feeling of instability.

Basic strategies for managing social tension in a team

Currently, there are many strategies for creating a favorable socio-psychological climate, that is, reducing social tension. They provide for the following activities:

When recruiting a work team, it is necessary to take into account the psychological compatibility of employees. Depending on the goals, it is necessary to combine different types of human behavior. In many situations, a group with representatives of the same character will turn out to be of little efficiency, for example, if only employees who are waiting for instructions and do not know how to take initiative, or only those who like to command, gather together;
Optimal selection, placement, training and periodic certification of management personnel;
Acceptable limitation on the number of employees subordinate to one manager (5-7 people);
No extra workers or vacancies. Both a lack and an excess of team members lead to its instability. There is room for tension and conflict to arise due to the desire of several candidates to take a position and receive promotion, or due to the resulting unevenness of workload due to the presence of “extra hands”;
Reliance in work on the most authoritative, active members of the team (informal leaders) who enjoy the trust of the staff;
Managing the process of forming meaningful psychological components of climate (norms, expectations, values, attitudes, group opinion and mood);
Prevention and resolution of interpersonal conflicts;
The use of socio-psychological methods that contribute to the development of effective mutual understanding and interaction among team members (employees’ passion for personal example, the use of socio-psychological trainings, business games, persuasion methods, etc.).

Psychologists have developed many social and psychological methods for creating a good climate in a team. These include:

1. Body psychotherapy. It is based on the recognition of the close connection between mental and physiological processes, in particular on the fact that personal characteristics are manifested in postures, gestures, and movements. In management, bodily psychotherapy is used in organizing psychological relief rooms at enterprises, booths with mannequins for managers (to release negative emotions, etc.).

2. Art therapy. This technique is based on the fact that a person’s inner “I” is reflected in visual images every time he draws, paints a picture, or sculpts a sculpture, without thinking about his works (that is, spontaneously). The materials obtained during work with the group make it possible to identify the degree of aggressiveness and other negative feelings in people, help resolve conflicts and improve relationships between participants. Art therapy is used in the fields of social rehabilitation and occupational therapy.

3. “Skills training” groups. They belong to the behaviorist direction in psychology. The approach to work is based on a training model, goal setting, measurement and assessment of behavior. An example would be “self-confidence training” groups. In this way, they teach the ability to plan a career and make decisions, develop the ability to cope with anxiety and improve communication skills.

There are also many other methods and trainings aimed at creating a favorable emotional climate. Currently, some enterprises employ full-time psychologists. They organize psychological games, tests, and work with staff. Some companies invite outside specialists for a while. This, of course, has a beneficial effect on the socio-psychological climate.

Interpretation of the concept

Before working on the psychological climate, it is worth taking a closer look at its concept and what it is like.
V. M. Shepel defines the psychological climate as the emotional coloring of the psychological connections of members of society. This coloring is based on:

sympathy;
similarities of characters;
community of interests.

In other words, informal relations take place here.

According to the scientist, the psychological climate is part of the socio-psychological one. In addition to the psychological part, there are the following aspects:

Social, or sociological. The point is that the organization has common goals and objectives, and its members consciously relate to them.
Moral or ethical. It has to do with the moral values of members of society, whether they respect each other and the work of others.

Features of the working atmosphere among teachers

Special attention should be paid to the issues of psychological climate in the teaching staff. This area is always stressful, and the working atmosphere is often one of the factors that determines the effectiveness of a teacher.

The unity of the teaching staff always occurs within the framework of performing some common task or activity - first of all, social, pedagogical. In such events, each teacher should have the opportunity to realize their creative abilities.

Of course, holding methodological days or creative meetings of teachers often requires additional time, but such events remain in the memory of teachers for a long time as bright and unforgettable events.

Democratic style

This type of management is based on very trusting and friendly relationships between all team members, as well as goodwill and sociability. In this case, all responsibilities, powers and initiatives are distributed between the manager, his deputies and subordinates. All decisions are made collectively.

The director, who has adopted a democratic management style as a basis, cares about the opinion of his subordinate team regarding key production issues. Communication between the manager and employees occurs exclusively in the form of wishes, requests, advice and recommendations.

Rewards for quickly and efficiently completed work are not excluded. Communication takes place in a polite and friendly manner. If necessary, orders are used (extremely rarely).

Authoritarian style

It is based on the dominance of unity of command, which is expressed in the fact that only the leader himself makes all important decisions (without consulting anyone). The opinion of the team in this case is not taken into account.

The main methods of management are orders, instructions, reprimands, comments and punishments. Communication between a manager and his subordinates occurs in a rude and harsh manner. In the team, “ear-mongering” and widespread control are encouraged. Any employee initiatives are not supported, and the interests of the company are placed above the interests of people.

Such a leadership style can generate in the team a feeling of some psychological discomfort, conflict, fear, envy, ingratiation and hostility.

How to improve the psychological climate in a team

In order to understand how to improve the psychological climate in a team, it is important to follow some schemes:

Remember that it is easier for people to focus on work if they have the ability to control their environment. Let them set up their own workspaces. This way a person becomes freer, the number of internal conflicts in the team decreases; employees are pleased to understand that something depends on them too. Even if it’s choosing a calendar for your desk at work. The main thing is that it puts people in a positive mood and gives additional incentives to work. You will notice that the returns will be much greater. Workers should not be placed into too strict a framework, although some dress code is still required to maintain discipline;

It is important for the manager to understand that employees need to communicate with each other. A ban on this will cause a decrease in labor efficiency, suppress people, and cause a split in society

Such an environment will not help to unite and develop mutual understanding at work. Therefore, it is important to create a friendly atmosphere; in addition, you can create something like a canteen where employees can have lunch together and communicate on abstract topics. In addition, arrange tables at work places so that everyone feels in the center. No one should be singled out, otherwise there is a chance of conflicts;

To normalize the climate, it is important to let employees participate in the organization of the work process and feel involved in the main mechanisms of the company. It’s also important to let employees feel that the office is not just a workplace

It is worth organizing informal events here: team building, corporate events, etc. Conducting collective training seminars also promotes team cohesion. And if you allow people to celebrate birthdays in the office, the atmosphere at work will be filled with ease and ease, and performance will certainly rise

It is also important to let employees feel that the office is not only a workplace. It is worth organizing informal events here: team building, corporate events, etc.

Conducting collective training seminars also promotes team cohesion. And if you allow people to celebrate birthdays in the office, the atmosphere at work will be filled with ease and ease, and performance will certainly rise.

Thus, to achieve the norms of a positive psychological climate, special training is required, the use of suitable methods and schemes for organizing the labor process.

Search for a scapegoat

Either a person or a group of people who have absolutely nothing to do with the incident are chosen as the “whipping boy”. But they differ from other workers in that their behavior is not similar to the generally accepted one, and such people are not able to stand up for themselves (that is, they do not have a strong character). Therefore, it is they (these “white crows”) who become objects of attacks, unfounded accusations and hostility from everyone else. The presence of a scapegoat allows the company's team to provide some relief from tension and dissatisfaction, which, as a rule, accumulate in large quantities where there is an atmosphere of fear and mistrust. Such actions help workers maintain a perceived cohesion.

On a note! Such a “whipping boy” is sometimes vital for the normal functioning of some teams, since it acts as a kind of “valve” that allows one to “let off steam” of the negative that has accumulated.

Favorable and unfavorable climate

The psychological climate can be favorable or unfavorable. The first is characterized by:

friendly attitude of participants towards each other;
camaraderie;
adequate mutual exactingness, which determines creative and effective activity;
mutual assistance;
joy from communication and openness of communications;
safety and comfort;
optimism;
self-confidence and team confidence;
the opportunity to think freely and creatively, to discover and realize one’s own potential.

But it is worth noting that a combination of mutual demands and mutual assistance is mandatory. Mutual assistance alone will turn into permissiveness, a “brotherly” attitude, which over time will create an unfavorable climate.

An unfavorable or unhealthy climate includes the opposite characteristics:

pessimism;
mistrust and disrespect;
coldness and secrecy in relationships;
inhibition of personal potential;
irritability;
tension and conflict;
uncertainty;
misunderstanding;
fear of error, punishment and rejection;
suspicion.

It has been noted that a healthy climate increases productivity and labor efficiency. Unfavorable climate causes frequent incidents of safety violations and reduces productivity by 20%.

A healthy climate satisfies the needs of its members and does not conflict with social norms and values. For example, in a criminal group there may be a unity of opinions, views and beliefs, but for society the activities of its members are harmful, in fact, as in the end for the participants themselves (they just don’t know it).

Afterword

Psychological climate is sometimes identified with socio-psychological or moral-psychological, which further emphasizes its basis. The basis of a favorable climate is the unity and similarity of values among team members.

The nature of the climate affects the individual: whether or not it stimulates work, joint activities, raises or lowers the mood, instills faith or self-doubt in one’s own strength, cheerfulness or despondency, stimulates or suppresses activity.

It is very easy to guess the nature of the climate. It is enough for its participants to only answer the questions “like - don’t like”, “satisfied - doesn’t suit”, “would like - don’t want to be in a team.”

Learn about what the psychological climate in a team is and how to create a favorable climate from the specialists of the Synergy University of Self-Development.

Signs of a positive socio-psychological climate

1. The attitude of the company (represented by the owner, top managers) to the team:

trust in your employees
respect for the personality of each employee
providing employees with a sense of security, safety, and comfort
ensuring fair competitive wages and benefits package
providing opportunities for professional and career development
“instilling” positive habits, traditions, and attitudes into the team
providing employees with truthful and complete information about tasks and problems
providing constructive feedback based on work results
development of social activity
providing an opportunity to express one's opinion
attentiveness in resolving personal issues of employees
top managers take leadership roles in the team

2. Attitude of employees towards the company. Employees:

worried about the overall result
do their job efficiently
treat company property with care
emotionally involved in work
take responsibility for the state of affairs in the company
satisfied with working conditions, system of material and non-material motivation, mode and nature of work
know their responsibilities well
believe in the company's product/service
if necessary, take on team leadership
support the traditions established in the team
optimistic
are proud of their achievements and the company's achievements

3. Attitude of employees towards each other. Employees:

trust each other
are demanding of colleagues in work matters
treat all employees with respect
help newcomers quickly integrate into the team
support established rules and regulations
rejoice at each other's successes
behave tactfully with each other

Psychological compatibility

Psychological compatibility of employees, which presupposes good communication between all workers in a given company (due to the same characters, motivations and behavioral types) and their ability to act together, is a component of the psychoclimate in the team in general.

It is much easier for people with similar personal qualities to “find a common language,” that is, to establish the interaction that is necessary for the successful completion of a particular project. At the same time, communication between people who experience negative emotions towards each other is not at all conducive to effective work.

Features of communications

The atmosphere of a team is always based on the personal characteristics of each of its members.

It is important to have communication skills, the characteristics of their assessments, opinions, and social experience. For example, the difficulties that some group members experience in communication can affect the situation in the team as a whole.

For this reason, tension, mistrust may increase, disputes and conflict situations may arise. If each member of the team is able to clearly and accurately express their point of view, properly masters the techniques of constructive criticism, and has active listening skills, then this helps to create a favorable psychological climate in the group.

When analyzing the characteristics of the psychological compatibility of each member of the team, it is necessary to take into account such a factor as the type of communicative behavior. This classification was first developed by V. M. Shepel and includes the following categories:

Collectivists are sociable people who will always support any initiative. If necessary, they are capable of taking the initiative.
Individualists. Those employees who prefer to work alone rather than interact as part of a team. They are much more inclined towards personal responsibility.
Pretenders. As a rule, such employees are often called vain, touchy, and eager to be the center of attention while working. And such a characterization is not without foundation.
Copycats. People who seek to avoid complications, and for this purpose imitate other people's behavioral manners.
Opportunists. Weak-willed team members who rarely take initiative and fall under the influence of others.
Isolated. People who avoid contact. They often have a completely intolerable character.

Maintaining a Healthy Atmosphere

The achieved balance in the team must be maintained. To do this, the expert advises regularly monitoring the psychological climate, which will allow solving three problems.

Assess the general mood in the team, including the degree of satisfaction of employees with their relationships with each other, their immediate supervisor and their employer.
Identify conflicts between colleagues at an early stage.
Identify factors that negatively impact team morale and may lead to conflict.

It is important to take into account that each person is unique, and there are no “universal” tools for effectively influencing everyone. In each case, it is necessary to select those tools of psychological influence that will take into account both the specifics of the situation and the characteristics of a particular employee.

“It is important to give priority to preventive methods over those used in an already existing conflict or outright crisis situation,” emphasizes Irina Avetisyan. “And also use administrative methods, such as reprimand, reprimand and dismissal, only in situations where other attempts to neutralize the conflict have failed.”

Monitoring the psychological climate can be carried out by a full-time psychologist or department heads. Also, for this task you can involve a third-party expert, whose position will be more objective than a company representative.