Conscience and suspiciousness: who is an asthenic person?

Scientists have long been concerned with the question: is there a direct connection between the constitution of the body and character? The idea is relevant for understanding the essence of man. According to psychologists, if you determine the constitutional type, you can assess the character and predict the behavior of the individual.

The constitutional type of a person helps determine the characteristics of his character

Development and work on oneself asthenics

Often the main problem of asthenics is considered to be their physique. But only a specialist will determine whether this type needs to work on gaining weight. It is more useful to correct their emotions and manner of communication:

Sports will help stabilize the mental and physical state of an asthenic person. Active, competitive types of wrestling are suitable.
Activities such as athletics and running are useful to safely release pent-up tension.
Yoga and meditation will relax and calm the nervous system. They will teach you how to control outbursts of aggression.

Sports exercises help asthenics work on themselves for emotional correction

It is useful to vary your communication to increase social interaction. Visiting sections, creative clubs, and excursions will help you meet new people. The main thing is to find a comfortable group for yourself.
The help of a psychotherapist will be effective in order to change the emotional background using special techniques. The main task for an asthenic is the ability to control emotions and cope with excessive reflection.

It is important for representatives of the asthenic type to find sources of energy, learn to save mental and physical resources, organize life and activities in accordance with their character and abilities

Relationship between body structure and temperament

The asthenic physique of women, men and children leaves an imprint on the characteristics of their behavior and character. Among asthenic people there are more hypochondriacs and melancholics, who are characterized by anxiety, lack of faith in their own strengths, a critical depressive outlook on life and timidity.

They cope poorly with stress and often become depressed. Belonging to such weak types of temperament is explained by initial physical weakness and difficulties in perceiving the world.

The problem with these people is lack of energy. Due to its absence, they cannot always cope with everyday and everyday difficulties and multitasking.

However, being melancholic and hypochondriac, asthenics usually adapt well to environmental conditions. Being intelligent and naturally gentle people, they often solve their problems together with stronger loved ones who accept them as they are.

Asthenic character

The character of asthenics is comparable to schizoid accentuation and melancholic temperament. These people are hypersensitive, but at the same time they often retreat into their inner world - to take a break from the overload of external influences. Despite a high degree of empathy (no one like an asthenic person can understand and feel the internal state of another), they often show tactlessness or clumsiness in communication. This occurs not so much from a desire to offend or a lack of upbringing, but rather from the fact that a person does not attach importance to feigned smiles and forced standards of decency.

Asthenics are reluctant to undergo correction and generally do not like changes; such moments are given to them with great stress. The mood may seem unstable (from coldness to maximum sympathy), but if you look closely, a pattern of these manifestations will appear (for example, aloofness when strangers appear or increased talkativeness among friends). Such people are characterized by internal conflict, expressed in low self-esteem and uncertainty, which are combined with vanity and hot-tempered behavior. Underestimation of one's own importance can accumulate in a person for a long time. Undermining the resources of the psyche and ultimately pouring out into a stream of rage towards others for an insignificant reason.

As for life manifestations, asthenics tend to enjoy and delve deeper into the process of work, giving less importance to the results. The need for creativity and the absence of any boundaries is central not only in professional activities, but throughout life. Due to rapid exhaustion, asthenics need periodic rest, and attempts to maintain the established schedule can cost the company large losses (due to mistakes or irritability), and the person’s health.

The speed of mental processes affects the type of reaction and activity. Thus, asthenics flare up very quickly and in order to get excited about a new idea or develop an affective emotional reaction, they need several times less time than all other types. In the case of positive emotions, this can be a plus, as well as activity, but negative experiences and ideas of revenge take over them at the same speed. But the assessment situation changes dramatically after a couple of moments - they quickly run out of steam and get tired. Within minutes the joy disappears, the enthusiasm disappears and the person sits without making any attempts and is emotionally disconnected.

With each nervous breakdown, experiences increasingly affect the somatic state of the asthenic, which is why they become frequent visitors to hospitals. The high likelihood of developing hypochondriacal symptoms is due to both physical weakness and mental instability. Timely prevention and independent work with your own characteristics will help to avoid the effects of hospitalism and psychosomatics.

Characteristics of asthenic personality type

Inflated self-esteem - what does it mean and how is it characterized?

When characterizing an asthenic personality, it should be noted that the psychotype manifests itself already from childhood. Psychologists note the low weight, slow growth, and poor appetite of an asthenic child. However, once he becomes a teenager, he can change dramatically and grow quickly. Therefore, the characteristics of an asthenic necessarily include his appearance: disproportionately long arms and legs, sunken sternum, pale skin and circles under the eyes.

Important! It is advisable for adults to know such features so as not to complain that the child looks sick. This is his constitutional type.

An asthenic psychotype is the properties of a calm, slightly withdrawn, self-absorbed person. Often melancholic people have an asthenic temperament, adding to it traits of self-doubt, a tendency to overestimate their own strengths, painful pride, touchiness, and lack of contact.

Despite the inconsistency, the asthenic character has many positive traits: hard work, accuracy, attention to detail, commitment and decency.

Children

Children of the asthenic type look very touching and defenseless, which often frightens parents. As a rule, they are thin, light-colored, and often have damaged skin. This appearance sets them apart from other guys. Due to low muscle mass, a child may appear weak, and due to low blood pressure, he may be “freezing”, as his hands and feet often get cold.

For an asthenic child, the support and help of parents is important

Important! In order to form a healthy person out of an asthenic child, you need to treat him adequately. It is undesirable to remake his type; this is unlikely to happen without moral and physical costs; it is better to show maximum care and love. All stress, especially emotional stress, must be strictly dosed; a clear daily routine with proper nutrition and sleep is useful.

At school, asthenic children quickly get tired due to the high sensitivity of the nervous system. They, unlike other psychotypes, read several streams of information simultaneously. So, while schoolchildren are listening to the teacher, asthenics have time to assess the situation in the classroom, monitor the time, changes in the appearance and mood of those around them. If you ignore the adaptive approach to them, then irritability and aggressiveness are inevitable. Over time, disturbing and suspicious ideas are added to this. Therefore, it is important for an asthenic child to feel the support of his parents and to know that they will always help him, regardless of the situation.

Women

To correctly characterize an asthenic woman, first of all, we must note her appearance: thinness, long neck, narrow shoulders, thin limbs, elongated face and thin nose. Such external data make representatives of this type light and graceful. An obvious plus of the physique is a minimal tendency to be overweight. Asthenic women are not only slender, but can also be short, which allows them to be called petite.

In the character of women, just like men, there is a tendency towards introspection, long reflection on the actions of others and one’s own reaction to them. For mental comfort, they need to be surrounded by loved ones.

Women of the asthenic type stand out among others with their grace and lightness

Men

Representatives of the stronger sex cannot boast of muscle mass, so they often appear exhausted. The positive thing is that they are practically not obese and can quickly lose weight.

The difference in character is that an asthenic man is extremely sensitive to the opinions of others; he can be unsettled by any criticism or failure. The disadvantages are an incorrect assessment of the situation and a rush to conclusions. Often this makes him distrustful and uncomfortable in unfamiliar company. When communicating with men of the asthenic type, it is important to take into account their painful attitude towards rudeness, rancor and suspiciousness. True, they often try to hide their vulnerability and vulnerability behind ostentatious bravado, which is especially typical for young men.

In old age, suspicion is added to the negative traits. Living with an asthenic person becomes difficult, as he makes unreasonable demands on loved ones. It is difficult for him to get along with representatives of his type, so he needs balanced people as partners and friends.

Differential diagnosis

Unlike also defensive asthenics, psychasthenics do not have acute sensuality, but there is depersonalization and hypertrophied analyticity. Psychasthenic shyness is characterized by motor awkwardness.

There are a number of differences between psychasthenics and anankastes, who also suffer from constant doubts, with whom they are often unjustifiably confused. Anankast has a keen sensuality. He has no motor awkwardness. Many anancasts, unlike psychasthenics, are very practical, decisive and arrogant, unyielding even in details. Accuracy is not valuable for psychasthenics in itself as an anancaste; he needs it to combat absent-mindedness, fussiness, and sloppiness. A psychasthenic is boring so that he can be better understood, and not because of obsessions. It’s the same with multiple checks - for a psychasthenic they are due to poor memory, and for an anancast they are due to obsessions. The conscience of psychasthenics is flexible, while they are ashamed of those who suffered from them, and anankastics are ashamed that they violated their rules, they are afraid of punishment. Anankasts are usually not afraid of death, but they are frightened by the small troubles of life. The fears of a psychasthenic are realistic, while those of an anancast are often absurd.

Features of performing work activities

Asthenic people have good intellectual potential. However, often natural timidity, some lack of energy and doubts in one’s own abilities become an obstacle to development.

Not all professions are suitable for asthenics. Therefore, it is important for such people to discern their strengths and correctly decide on the type of activity.

An aggressive environment where competition is strong and there is no room for emotions is not suitable for an asthenic. Running a business, active sales, or a political career are not for this type of person. Their abilities can be perfectly revealed in creative professions, art, as well as professions where it is necessary to show empathy and understanding towards people - educator, health worker, doctor, psychologist, social worker.

Examples of manifestations of psychasthenia

It’s hard not to notice a psychasthenic. Such people often use the phrases: “I need to think,” “I need to weigh the pros and cons,” “I need to clarify something.” People with psychasthenia never answer a question or suggestion right away. They will not agree to adventure, spontaneous trips or purchases. However, the anxiety of a psychasthenic is not always obvious; sometimes a person skillfully hides it.

Examples of psychasthenia:

The student does his homework well or does excellent written assignments in class, but when it comes to giving an oral answer, he falls into a stupor, stammers, and answers uncertainly. Or it happens that a student completes any assignments perfectly, passes exams perfectly, but before each important event he experiences such stress that he practically faints. Often he himself is surprised that he answers correctly.
The teenager graduated from school, but could not decide what he would become in life. Following his mother's instructions, he went to study to become a teacher. During his studies, he passed everything with flying colors and successfully graduated from the university. However, he did not receive satisfaction from his studies and its completion, and did not go to work in his profession. The young man still doesn’t know in which direction he wants to develop. He gets by with minor part-time jobs and is thinking about going to work in his profession, because theoretically he is ready for this. But he still doubts. He tries to find himself in different areas, tries and studies a lot, but cannot choose anything. All this is complemented by a chronic feeling of dissatisfaction, dissatisfaction with oneself, and self-criticism.

Important! Psychasthenia prevents a person from living, building a career and family, and making friends. Constant doubts and thoughts are exhausting, literally driving you crazy

How to determine which type you are?

The easiest way is to measure the circumference of a woman's wrist below the protruding bone.

Up to 16 cm – asthenic build;
16-18 cm – normosthenic;
More than 18 cm – hypersthenic.

You can do without a centimeter. The thumb and middle finger of one hand clasp the wrist of the other hand below the bone.

Fingers cover one another - ectomorph.
Fingers touching each other - mesomorph.
Fingers not touching – endomorph.

You can determine your body type by regularly observing your own body: for example, how quickly you gain and lose weight.

In fitness centers you can undergo special testing, which includes measuring certain physical data. This method is considered one of the most reliable.

Also, any trainer will be able to determine a person’s body type in two simple ways:

in the first - by measuring the width of the elbow joint bent at a right angle and comparing it with the indicators;
in the second - along the intercostal angle: the thumb and index finger are applied to the lower ribs in the lateral area, the resulting angle between the fingers indicates what kind of physique the person has: less than 90o - hyposthenic;
90o – normosthenic;
more than 90o – hypersthenic.

Test

Carefully read each of the proposed options and choose the options that are most suitable for you.

1. Your source of information is:

a – communication;
b – practical actions;
c – internal feelings.

2. To solve the problem you:

a – organize other people to solve the problem;
b – find the solution in written sources;
c – find a solution by communicating with other people.

3. When the decision is made, you:

a – difficult to convince;
b – you defend your decision to the end;
c – you can easily change your idea in favor of the well-being of the group.

4. Your thinking is characterized by:

a – lack of strict logic in thinking, but reliance on the opinions of others;
b – strict logic with a focus on the opinions of others;
c – strict logic and evidence.

5. In difficult times, you feel the need to:

a – people;
b – privacy;
in – actions.

6. During the moment of experience, you demonstrate:

a – secrecy of feelings;
b – emotional expressiveness and openness;
c – emotional incontinence.

7. How predictable are your emotional reactions to others:

a – emotionally smooth and predictable;
b – average degree of evenness and predictability;
c – unpredictability and unevenness of emotional reactions.

8. How would you characterize your speech:

a – short, concise speech;
b – sharp, clear phrases;
c – easy, soft manner of communication.

9. Your gait is characterized by:

a – confidence of movements;
b – relaxation of movements;
c – sharpness of movements.

10. You feel drawn to:

a – analysis, systematization;
b – comfort, food, communication;
c – physical activity, managing others.

11. How important is communication and appreciation of others to you:

a – you have a thirst for love and approval from others;
b – when communicating, you tend to evaluate others yourself;
c – you are sensitive and self-sufficient.

12. You are characterized by:

a – accuracy;
b – tolerance;
c – assertiveness.

13. In relation to physical pain, you show:

a – Spartan indifference;
b – high sensitivity;
c – low sensitivity.

14. Your dream:

a – calm;
b – insufficient;
c – intermittent, but sufficient.

15. Your appearance matches:

a – older age;
b – younger age;
c – for his age.

16. Your reaction to alcohol:

a – resistance to alcohol;
b – relaxation in a state of intoxication;
c – aggressiveness while intoxicated.

17. Your physique:

a – fragile, thin;
b – strong, muscular;
c – large, round.

18. You see yourself:

a – practitioner;
b – thinker;
c – interlocutor.

19. Your leadership style:

a – authoritarianism;
b – democracy;
c – liberalism.

20. Your facial expressions and gestures are distinguished by:

a – restraint;
b – sincerity;
c – artistry.

Key to the test:

Asthenic – 1c, 2b, 3a, 4c, 5b, 6a, 7c, 8a, 9c, 10a, 11c, 12a, 13b, 14b, 15b, 16a, 17a, 18b, 19c, 20a.

Normostenic – 1b, 2a, 3b, 4b, 5c, 6c, 7b, 8b, 9a, 10c, 11b, 12c, 13a, 14c, 15a, 16c, 17b, 18a, 19a, 20c.

Hypersthenic – 1a, 2c, 3c, 4a, 5a, 6b, 7a, 8c, 9b, 10b, 11a, 12b, 13c, 14a, 15c, 16b, 17c, 18c, 19b, 20b.

Weight index

Determining a woman's weight index or body mass index (abbreviated BMI) allows us to assess the compliance of a woman's basic anthropometric indicators - height and body weight - and determine the need for weight correction by changing diet or physical activity.

In general, the formula for calculating the mass index is:

BMI = M/H2,

Where:

M – weight, kg;
H2 – height in meters, squared.

For example, if a woman’s height is 1.7 m and her weight is 50 kg, then:

BMI = 50 / (1.7 x 1.7) = 17.

To correlate this indicator with the norm and establish deviations, the following interpretation of values is used (according to WHO):

up to 16 kg/sq. m – pronounced deficit weight;
from 16 to 18.5 kg/sq. m – deficient weight;
from 18.5 to 25 kg/sq. m – weight within normal limits;
from 25 to 30 kg/sq. m – there is a tendency to obesity;
from 30 to 35 kg/sq. m – presence of obesity;
from 35 to 40 kg/sq. m – high degree of obesity;
from 40 kg/sq. m and more – a pronounced, severe form of obesity.

Accordingly, the resulting value is 17 kg/sq. m falls under the indicator of deficit weight.

This formula has large errors and does not take into account the characteristics of a particular somatotype, which may significantly go beyond the preset BMI values.

Height and weight standards by body type

Women's body types have their own characteristics and distinctive features, based on which the ideal weight norm for each somatotype is determined. Moreover, this norm may vary depending on the age of the woman.

Height, cm	Permissible weight limit, kg
Height, cm	for asthenics (ectomorphs)	for normosthenics (mesomorphs)	for hypersthenics (endomorphs)
Up to 148	42,5 – 51,2	45,3 – 54,9	53,4 – 60,0
148 – 150	43,2 – 52,2	49,8 – 57,4	54,6 – 62,4
151 – 153	44,7 – 52,6	51,2 – 57,2	53,8 – 62,7
154 – 159	47,2 – 56,3	52,1 – 61,3	56,4 – 65,8
160 – 163	50,9 – 57,4	54,8 – 68,2	58,8 – 68,7
164 – 169	52,9 – 61,0	57,4 – 65,6	62,2 – 72,4
170 – 173	55,6 – 63,1	60,2 – 68,3	65,1 – 75,7
174 – 179	57,1 – 65,6	62,4 – 71,1	66,6 – 78,4
180 or more	61,2 – 68,7	65,3 – 73,6	69,7 – 81,6

These indicators are suitable for the category of women aged 18 to 35 years. If the age is greater, then to the indicated values you need to add:

3 kg for ectomorphs;
4 kg for mesomorphs;
5 kg for endomorphs.

In this case, the norm is understood as the average value of mass, which can fluctuate in the region of the segment between the maximum and minimum limit points, and differ depending on the formulas used for calculating the ideal weight.

The classic formula for determining BMI taking into account the somatotype

The BMI calculation formula recommended by the World Health Organization has been refined over time and takes into account the somatotype of women.

It looks like:

for asthenics BMI = (M + 10%) / H2;
for normosthenics BMI = M / H2;
for hypersthenics (M – 10%) / H2.

Thus, in the presence of a hypersthenic or asthenic physique, a preliminary adjustment of body weight by 10% is required in the direction of decreasing or increasing, respectively.
For example:

The woman has an asthenic somatotype with a weight of 47 kg and a height of 162 cm.

BMI = (47 + 10%) / (1.62 x 1.62) = (47 + 4.7) / 2.6244 = 19.7

Accordingly, the weight is within normal limits (according to WHO).

The woman has a mesomorphic somatotype with a weight of 63 kg and a height of 168 cm.

BMI = 63 / (1.68 x 1.68) = 63 / 2.8224 = 22.3

Which corresponds to normal weight.

A hypersthenic woman with a weight of 76 kg and a height of 164 cm.

BMI = (76 – 10%) / (1.64 x 1.64) = (76 – 7.6) / 2.69 = 25.4

In this case, there is already a trend towards obesity.

Weight index according to Broca's formula

The fundamental formula for determining the ideal body weight was developed by the French surgeon P. Broca back in the second half of the 19th century.

It looks like this (for women):

IV = Height – 100

For the calculation, take the height value in centimeters.

As we studied somatotyping, significant disadvantages of this method were identified:

only suitable for the average woman with a height of 155 cm to 175 cm;
not suitable for female athletes;
not suitable for women suffering from conditions associated with weight loss or weight gain.

Broca–Brugsch weight index based on body type

The previous formula was modified by the German scientist T. Brugsch for women whose height does not fit into the range of 155 - 175 cm.

with a height of less than 165 cm, IV = Height – 100;
with a height of 165 – 175 cm, IV = Height – 105;
with a height of over 175 cm, IV = Height – 110.

These formulas are suitable for mesomorphic women. For the asthenic type, it is recommended to add 10% to the obtained IV, and for the hypersthenic type, subtract 10% from the result.

For example:

The woman has a normal (mesomorphic) build with a height of 167 cm.

IW = 167 – 105 = 62 kg – ideal body weight.

With an asthenic physique with the same height:

IW = (167 – 105) – 10% = 62 – 6.2 = 55.8 kg – ideal weight.

With a hypersthenic somatotype and a height of 162 cm in a woman:

IV = (162 – 100) + 10% = 62 + 6.2 = 68.2 kg.

Quetelet index taking into account body type and age

According to A. Quetelet, per 1 cm of a woman’s height there is a certain amount of weight, which varies depending on the somatotype and age. The formula involves calculating the ideal weight for women of reproductive age from 15 to 40 years.

The formula looks like:

IV = K x Height,

where K is the weight coefficient in grams per 1 cm, determined from the table.

Age, years	Weight per 1 cm of height, g
Age, years	Asthenic	Normosthenic	Hypersthenic
15 – 18	315	325	355
19 – 25	325	345	370
26 – 39	335	360	380

If you are less than 160 cm tall and under 20 years of age, it is recommended to reduce the result by 10%.

For example:

The normal weight for a woman 170 cm tall and 30 years old with a hypersthenic physique will be:

IV = 380 x 170 = 64600 g or 64.6 kg.

The ideal weight for a 17-year-old girl with a height of 165 cm and an asthenic body type will be:

IV = 315 x 165 – 10% = 46.8 kg.

Formula Humvee

A popular way to determine ideal weight is calculated in inches and looks like this (for women):

IV = 45.5 + 2.2 x (Height – 60)

She suggests that the optimal weight for a woman 60 inches (152.4 cm) tall is 45.5 kg. If a woman's height exceeds 60 inches, then for every additional 1 inch there is 2.2 kg of weight.

For a better understanding, you can convert the formula into the usual centimeters, based on the generally accepted values of 1 inch = 2.54 cm. It turns out that for every 1 cm of height (if it exceeds 152.4 cm) there are 2.2 kg / 2.54 cm = 0.87 kg mass.

The final formula in centimeters will look like:

IV = 45.5 + 0.87 x (Height – 152.4)

This option is suitable for calculating the ideal weight for a normosthenic physique. If a woman is asthenic, then 10% must be subtracted from the result obtained, and if she is hypersthenic, then 10% must be added to the total.

For example:

A woman 165 cm tall has an asthenic body type.

IV = (45.5 + 0.87 x (165 – 152.4)) – 10% = 51 kg.

The woman is 170 cm tall and belongs to the mesomorphic somatotype.

IV = 45.5 + 0.87 x (170 – 152.4) = 60.8 kg.

The ideal weight of a woman is a rather vague and conditional concept, for the calculation of which many formulas have been invented. Moreover, not all of them take into account belonging to a certain type of physique and are calculated only on the basis of 1 - 2 values, which is why large errors arise.

Information about the acceptable weight norm and knowledge of your somatotype allows you to adjust your appearance, work out problem areas of your figure, determine the right lifestyle and prevent the occurrence of many diseases.

Author of the article: Anna Lalochkina

Article design: Svetlana Ovsyanikova

Who are asthenics: distinctive features of ectomorph people.

A typical sign of asthenics is thinness. Even a rich diet that includes a significant proportion of sweets and baked goods does not always contribute to weight gain. Ectomorphs are usually tall, but occasionally people of average, even very short stature are also found. They have a poorly developed muscular frame, and there is almost no fat layer. The torso, face and limbs are elongated, elongated, and the shoulders and pelvis are narrow.

Asthenic men always suffer from underweight. Their bones are thin, their chest is sunken, and their ribs protrude. Female representatives with an asthenic body structure look more like teenagers. Such persons age early - due to too fast metabolism, muscles and skin atrophy untimely.

Surprisingly, the type of physique also affects the psychological characteristics of a person.

The Greek particle "sthenos" means "strength", and when combined with the prefix "a" it means negation. Therefore, in fact, asthenic means powerless, weak. The human constitution is laid down even before birth and is predetermined by genetics.

The connection between the physical constitution and mental characteristics was first noticed by the German psychologist Kretschmer. He noted that people prone to dystrophy have a developed but extremely sensitive nervous system. The mental abilities of such people are above average.

However, excessive vulnerability causes them to become withdrawn and emotionally cold. Asthenics are characterized by increased fatigue and low resistance to stress. With excessively accumulated fatigue, asthenic people become irritable, explosive, suspicious and anxious.

All body types are formed at the stage of intrauterine development of the fetus and cannot be changed with the help of physical activity and dietary restrictions. Features of the body structure influence the formation of clothing style, self-determination, and leave an imprint on the perception of the world around us and our place in it.

Asthenic physique in women and men has a number of features due to gender differences. Some characteristics of the skeletal structure and development of an asthenic child, an asthenic adult and an elderly asthenic will also differ due to age characteristics. This applies not only to externally noticeable manifestations, but also to character and changes in the psyche.

Women

An asthenic physique in women is considered by many as a gift of fate. An asthenic girl (woman) will most likely never have problems with excess weight (with the exception of serious endocrine or hormonal disorders).

Asthenic physique in women

For the female sex, the asthenic type of structure is characterized by:

thinness, low body weight (often underweight);
thin and long neck;
bonyness;
narrow chest, flat mammary glands;
elongated oval face;
long thin fingers;
elongated upper and lower limbs;
thin, long nose.

In terms of physique, asthenic women can resemble asthenic men. They often lack attractive rounded shapes and are angular. At the same time, short asthenics are more common among women. Their skeletal system is very fragile. The appetite of such women is reduced, which causes problems with hemoglobin, low blood pressure, irregular cycles, conception and pregnancy.

Men

Males with an asthenic body type are distinguished by high growth and underweight. Their muscles are usually not developed, and attempts to build them up or “pump up” are not successful, since they are not distinguished by strength and endurance.

The face of asthenic men is devoid of characteristic cheekbones, but at the same time, their facial features are angular. Long, thin arms, legs and fingers are usually pale. The asthenic constitution of the body also affects the intimate life of such men. They are more likely to encounter problems with potency and age earlier. At the same time, such men are reliable and good family men.

Asthenic children have thin bones and differ from their peers in being tall and thin. In adolescence, when a developmental leap occurs, body weight deficiency becomes even more pronounced. Girls' first menstruation comes later than their peers. Teenage boys look physically weaker than their peers with a normal build.

If we talk about a psychological portrait, then such children are usually timid, have low self-esteem, compliant, vulnerable, and indecisive. They are drawn more to adults, although they love playing with children. Such children are intellectually developed even more than their peers. Education in the family should be aimed at their socialization and gaining self-confidence.

What kind of psychotype is this?

It is believed that physique is transmitted genetically, but already in childhood, under the influence of nutrition, physical activity, and certain diseases, changes in the natural genotype can occur. A similar relationship can be traced using the example of an asthenic personality type.

By definition, an asthenic (asthenia lat. weakness) is, in psychology, a defensive person (the opposite of an aggressive person), with such traits as instability and weakness of nervous processes, excessive impressionability and suspiciousness, against their background - rapid fatigue. Such individuals occur frequently, so a certain approach is needed to them.

For your information. The asthenic personality type is easily recognized by its characteristic external signs: narrow shoulders, weak muscle mass, thin bones, which creates a feeling of exhaustion. The face is angular, with pale skin and small features, for example, like those of the well-known Don Quixote.

Among the psychological characteristics of this type, in the first place is increased neuropsychic excitability, which distinguishes it from others.

For your information. Parents of an asthenic child or managers who have such an employee need to take into account one circumstance: the weakness and rapid exhaustion of asthenic children makes their work ineffective. This is a direct path to the development of low self-esteem, painful pride and suspiciousness.

An important feature is the susceptibility of asthenics to neurasthenia, therefore somatic disorders are superimposed on asthenic qualities: incomprehensible pain, restless sleep, malfunction of the intestines, increased heartbeat.

As a result, the asthenic type is characterized by a high degree of fatigue and irritability, and a tendency to hypochondria. This must be taken into account when communicating with him, avoiding sudden angry outbursts and emotional breakdowns due to unfulfilled projects.

Asthenics can be easily identified by their appearance

Psychologists note that the character of an asthenic person makes both him and those around him suffer. The grievances and disrespect that accumulate in his life a lot require an outlet. As a rule, irritation spills out on loved ones; he can become a domestic tyrant.

Food and diet

Although there are no strict rules in terms of food intake for normostenics, it is worth remembering the possible dangers. An addiction to tasty, but not so healthy foods can be disastrous. At first, this will not affect your figure, but later extra pounds may appear. As a result, after 30 years, an athletic person will lose his former shape. This can also happen due to physical inactivity and a slowdown in metabolic processes in the body.

Healthy foods are the most beneficial for any person, and the use of sports supplements will help build muscle tissue. The combination of omega 3 fatty acids with calcium will be an effective combination for normalizing fat metabolism and working out the relief.

Advantages and disadvantages

Someone is jealous of them, and someone is angry. This is about asthenic women. They have a beautiful slender figure, thin and transparent. They eat and do not gain weight, which causes the envy of those who are less fortunate;
It is easier for such women to maintain good physical shape, since the accumulation of lipids occurs slowly in them. But, despite being thin and slender, the endurance and strength indicators of women are very low. The exception is asthenic athletes;
It is very difficult to develop the muscles of an asthenic girl and create a pumped-up athletic silhouette. This is because they have slowed down the growth of not only fat tissue, but also muscle tissue;
Asthenics are characterized by angularity, which does not particularly attract men. Model girls at fashion shows are an example;
The “feet from the ears” of asthenic girls is, without any doubt, a plus. But the size of the bust, limited due to the same, poorly developed lipid tissue, is a minus;
Narrow fragile shoulders, graceful feet and hands and a thin waist;
These ladies are also lucky in that they do not have to struggle with excess weight;
A feature that is important to consider when trying to lose weight. In women, muscles “go away” first. This means they need to lose weight not by reducing the number of calories consumed, but exclusively by strength training and a specially selected diet. Simply removing buns from your daily diet and losing weight will not work in this case.

Every body type has its own quirks. There is no clear division between what is “good” and what is “bad”. Accept your body as it was given to you by nature, with love and care. And knowing the characteristics of your figure will help you figure out what is acceptable for you and what is better to avoid in relation to your physical condition and body.

Definition of the concept

Psychasthenia - what is it in psychology? Psychasthenia is a neurosis in which a person feels weakness of the soul. The name is derived from two Greek words: psyche, which translates as “soul”, and astheneia, which means “weakness”. The concept was introduced by the French psychologist Pierre Janet (1894).

The psychasthenic is constantly in a decadent mood and fear. He is sure that his character is dominated by shortcomings, so he tries to be invisible. He is afraid of excessive attention. And also the psychasthenic is afraid that someone will see through his weakness and see his flaws. At the same time, most of the shortcomings are exaggerated and far-fetched.

Main preferences of asthenics

Noting the preferences of asthenics, psychologists present them as great lovers of nature, walking and traveling alone or in close company.

Mechanical memory - what is it in psychology and how is it characterized?

It is believed that people of the asthenic type are subtle connoisseurs of taste, so they need constant taste stimulation in the form of spicy, salty and sour dishes, and a variety of spices. All representatives, even men, love sweets and are partial to desserts, so they are good cooks.

Another preference is their love for animals; for example, they can keep several pets in the house at once, surrounding them with care and attention.

Important! As a rule, asthenics prefer a closed and measured lifestyle; there is no need to bother them, as this is a defensive reaction to stressful situations.

Delicious, varied food is one of the main preferences of asthenics.

How to gain weight: nutrition rules

We have already announced the most important of them - a balanced diet with increased calories. How to calculate calorie intake? “Since we are all different, the exact numbers will have to be selected individually,” says Anna Starodubtseva. — For example, according to this scheme: if your daily diet is 2000 kcal, then at first you need to increase the norm by 10% and watch yourself. If you notice that you are not growing yet, add another 5% and so on. But if you added 20% and see that you began to rapidly gain weight due to the fat layer, then you need to reduce this calorie intake or add cardio training.”

The basis of the menu should be complex carbohydrates, protein and fiber. Sometimes high-calorie dishes are acceptable. “For some of my clients, I “prescribe” some kind of fast food twice a week - a burger, fries with mayonnaise, pizza, etc. Some ectomorphs, especially men, need to eat a plate of dumplings a couple of times a week, because it can be difficult to get everything calories from “clean” food,” sums up Anna.

Normosthenic physique

Other names: mesomorph, Pitta dosha.

The athletic sports constitution of the body gives proportionality and harmonious build.

A mesomorph woman has:

sculpted, athletic, proportional body with hourglass contours;
developed muscles with a small layer of fat;
proportional body and limbs;
shoulders slightly wider than hips;
medium size breasts;
pronounced waist;
normal metabolism;
skeleton of medium width;
elastic belly;
well developed shoulders;
deft, quick and sharp movements, excellent coordination;
dense elastic skin;
coarse hair.

Such women can easily gain weight and get rid of extra pounds, but in general they cannot be classified as either thin or plump, since this build is considered the classic standard of a female figure.

By the nature of a mesomorphic woman:

active;
ambitious;
prone to leadership and adventurism;
self-confident;
They love sports and active walks.

Normosthenics have few health-related disadvantages, but in general they are prone to:

hypertension;
rheumatism;
diseases of the respiratory and digestive system.

Nutrition for normosthenic women should consist of 40% proteins, 40% carbohydrates and 20% fats.

In sports, it is better to give preference to tennis, basketball, volleyball and other types of games.

Asthenic syndrome in children

Unfortunately, the phenomenon of asthenia is increasingly observed in children during infancy. At the age stage from birth to one year, babies are characterized by increased excitability, which manifests itself in rapid fatigue, for example, from holding them for a long time or talking to them.

Asthenic neurotic syndrome in infants often manifests itself with various disorders. Such babies can constantly wake up at night, they are capricious, whiny, and have difficulty falling asleep. Babies with asthenia should not be rocked or sung to them for a long time when going to bed. It would be optimal to put the baby in the crib and leave the room.

Symptoms of asthenic syndrome in infants:

- tearfulness for no reason;

- fright at sounds of weak or moderate intensity;

- fatigue due to communication with strangers, which causes moodiness;

- improving falling asleep in an empty room (that is, without the presence of parents or other people).

Asthenic syndrome, what is it in children and how does it manifest itself in childhood?

Today's life is changing at an unrealistic pace that most individuals are simply unable to keep up with. The education system is undergoing changes, which often negatively affects the health of children. School, starting from the age of six, in combination with sports sections, electives and clubs, not only does not contribute to the comprehensive development of children, but also most often negatively affects the general condition of their child’s body, which negatively affects academic performance. When a child gets to school, after a comfortable home environment, he finds himself in a war. After all, not only the usual way of life changes, but also the environment. In addition, an unfamiliar “aunt” begins to demand discipline from him, indicates what he needs to do and what he cannot do. The child also needs to take care not to be “dumber” than his classmates. The baby’s life turns into an endless race, during which he needs to listen to the teacher, remember the material, take an active part in the lesson, and communicate adequately with his peers. The house also ceases to be a cozy fortress that protects from adversity, since you have to do homework, go to a drawing or wrestling club. Free time remains only for sleep. This type of stress, week after week, leads to physical exhaustion and psychological instability.

Asthenic syndrome under the age of 10 years is manifested by the following symptoms:

- nervousness;

- isolation;

- fast fatiguability;

- fear of being alone with strangers or strangers;

- difficulty adapting outside the home, for example, while visiting;

- pain from bright light;

- severe headaches from loud and sharp sounds;

- the appearance of muscle pain with strong odors.

Asthenic syndrome, what is it and how does it manifest itself during puberty?

The main sign that makes it possible to diagnose this disorder in adolescence is constant fatigue and increased irritability. Teenagers suffering from this syndrome are often rude to adults, in particular their parents, argue with them about any matter, and their academic performance deteriorates. Such children become inattentive and absent-minded, making the most ridiculous mistakes. Their relationships with peers deteriorate, and conflicts and insults from their comrades become a frequent part of communicative interaction.

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Hypersthenic physique

Other names: endomorph, brachymorph, Kapha dosha.

Hypersthenic women have the following body characteristics:

lush rounded shapes;
barrel chest;
voluminous shoulders and short arms;
wide hips;
heavy wide bone;
short and wide chest;
average or below average height;
soft loose skin;
large breasts;
strong short legs;
short hands, feet and fingers;
soft facial features;
thin soft hair.

The body type of an endomorph woman is “apple” or “pear”; it is classified as complete.

Among the character traits of hypersthenics, the following are noted:

tolerance;
lack of aggression;
love of comfort;
slowness;
increased appetite.

Endomorph women are prone to diseases such as:

hypertension;
diabetes;
atherosclerosis and high blood cholesterol;
obesity;
respiratory problems;
liver diseases.

The nutrition of endomorph women should consist of 50% protein, 40% complex carbohydrates and 10% fat, since the slow volume of substances leads to the accumulation of subcutaneous fat, which is difficult to lose.

Among sports, they should prefer yoga, callanetics, swimming, martial arts and intense cardio training to increase flexibility and get rid of excess fat.

Psychology

Asthenics are creative individuals. They enjoy research and hard mental work. According to psychology, people of this psychotype are focused not on the result, but not on the process. They give their all and, if they are not limited in time, the results surpass many people of their generation. People around them value them for their high moral principles, responsibility and hard work.

These people suffer from autonomic instability, which is characterized by:

fluctuations in blood pressure;
increased heart rate;
headaches;
sweating;
indigestion.

They are also characterized by insomnia and an acute reaction to changes in weather. Such people often have an increased reaction to bright lights, loud noises and sharp sounds. Tight clothes get on his nerves, as do noisy companies and sudden changes in surroundings.

How to reduce emotional stress in women of asthenic physique

Due to physiological characteristics and more subtle emotional organization, emotional stress in asthenic women is higher than in men. In the period before the onset of menstruation, due to hormonal surges, women suffer from irritation, nervousness, increased feelings of anxiety and worthlessness.

To minimize such conditions, women should track their cycles and take sedatives. These can be herbs or herbal medicines (chamomile flowers, valerian tincture, novopassit).

Meditation, listening to calmly relaxing music, and psychotraining also help to calm down and accept oneself. In case of serious crises, you should consult a psychiatrist who will select antidepressants.

Fat and hormones

A number of hormones are responsible for fat deposition, the levels of which can vary greatly among people depending on heredity, health, age, medications, habits, etc.

Ghrelin – hunger hormone

It's simple. When the body needs food, the cells in the stomach mucosa actively produce ghrelin, and we receive a signal of hunger. It has been proven that ghrelin levels are higher in people who are nervous a lot, sleep little, and also have inflammatory processes in the body.

This indicator also depends on the characteristics of intrauterine development. Studies have shown that people whose mothers were malnourished during pregnancy have above average not only ghrelin levels, but also the level of “conductors” responsible for fat deposition. In this way, nature prepares an unborn person for the fact that he will not have to live in the best conditions, and “tunes” his body to obtain food and store it.

An important hormone is insulin.

It is produced by the pancreas in response to the intake of protein and carbohydrate foods. Insulin transports glucose and amino acids to the tissues that need them - the brain, muscles, internal organs. If more food is supplied than the body needs, the hormone “hides” it in adipose tissue.

For all these processes, the body's cells have insulin receptors. The higher their sensitivity, the less insulin is required to cope with the “portion” of nutrients. The more efficiently energy exchange reactions occur, and the better a person is saturated with food.

A number of factors can reduce the sensitivity of receptors:

genetics (heredity),
sedentary lifestyle,
abuse of sweets and alcohol,
some diseases

Cortisol – stress hormone

It is responsible for natural catabolic processes in the renewal cycle - it destroys protein tissues, in the place of which new ones are synthesized.

If there is too much cortisol (and this can be affected by both chronic stress and complex diseases), it intensively destroys protein structures, disrupting the functioning of internal organs and leading to muscle weakness. At the same time, the amount of subcutaneous fat increases - a kind of dubious compensation for losses. Lack of sleep and overly intense exercise, especially when coupled with poor nutrition, can also increase cortisol levels.

From all this we can conclude that the fat content in the body is influenced not only by the amount of food and activity, but also by a host of other factors. Many of them are truly dictated by genetics. And it is unlikely that it will be possible to change it. All that remains is to accept and love your body the way nature created it.

But this does not mean that you need to “forget” yourself. Exercise and proper nutrition are necessary, first of all, for health and well-being! And you can have it even when you are very different from the “glossy” standards.

Main causes of asthenia

In medicine, asthenic syndrome is one of the most common. It is observed in a variety of therapeutic, neurological, infectious diseases, some mental disorders, in the post-traumatic, postoperative and postpartum periods. Therefore, doctors of various specializations deal with asthenia. Asthenia can be the first symptom of the onset of the disease, accompany it during the period of activity and occur during recovery.

In addition, important factors leading or potentiating its development are:

unbalanced or insufficient nutrition and nutritional deficiencies;
metabolic disease;
intoxication;
high stress (both physical and mental);
chronic stress condition;
mental disorders;
acute diseases and exacerbation of chronic diseases.

Therefore, it is very important to be attentive to the needs of your body, take care of your condition, provide yourself with the necessary help in time to improve your health, and restore strength when needed!

Ectomorph training

Initially, people with an asthenic physique are weak and intolerant in sports. This is because they naturally have less muscle tissue than other types. These tissues are not prone to overgrowth easily, so overtraining occurs quickly in ectomorphs.

This aspect is important to consider when drawing up a training program: the sports load must be adequate to the physical form of the asthenic. Alternating periods of rest and training becomes a logical way out of the situation.

Regular increase in load is a prerequisite for muscle building, but it should happen gradually, without jumps. It is important to pay attention to the exercise technique, since it “suffers” primarily from general muscle weakness. Monotonous performance of strength exercises can best help achieve results.

Strength training dominates the training program when developing an ectomorph figure. But you shouldn’t forget about cardio exercises either. It is important not to increase their volume to a state in which the asthenic person begins to lose the gained weight. Therefore, the intensity of cardio training is allowed at low and medium levels under heart rate control, for no longer than 30 minutes.

An asthenic type is not a barrier to building the desired shape. If all recommendations are followed, men can correct their natural characteristics. They gain muscle mass and acquire relief.

It is worth remembering one more feature of ectomorphs - it is very easy to lose results. Therefore, training should be regular, and the diet should be nutritious and without failure. In addition, asthenics need at least 8 hours of sleep at night - this is one of the main conditions for the effectiveness of training.

Genetics is everything to us, but...

Yes, if there is a genetic predisposition to a certain type, it is difficult to eradicate it in yourself, and even more so in future generations. And this is undoubtedly a plus. In such a variety of shapes, sizes, mixed types, a person will always stand out with his individuality. If she doesn’t suit him, then you shouldn’t fight with her, you need to make friends with her and, above all, accept yourself as you are, so that the steps towards your dream are pleasant and conscious, because there is no limit to perfection.

Every person's body shape is unique. Appearance is inherited genetically, and it is impossible to completely change it without resorting to plastic surgery.

The body can be adjusted through exercise. In order to decide on the type of physical activity, you need to know your body type.

People with different body types may respond differently to the same training system. So determining your type is the first step to an exemplary figure.

Although we all look different, there are three main body types:

In nature it is very rare to find “pure” types. Their determination causes some difficulties, which is why there are many methods.

How to determine your body type?

By the wrist

The measurement is taken at the narrowest part. If the wrist circumference is from 15 to 17 centimeters, then this is a sign of an ectomorph, more than 17 centimeters is a mesomorph, and less than 15 centimeters is an endomorph.

If you don’t have a measuring tape nearby, you can measure it in another way: with your second hand. Namely: clasp your wrist in a narrow place with your thumb and index finger. If your fingers touch, you are an endomorph, if not, you are a mesomorph, and if there is a reserve when touching, you are an ectomorph. The method is simple, accessible and in some cases more informative than all others.

According to Pignier's formula

From height we subtract the sum of weight and volume of the chest as you exhale. Let's see what happened as a result:

Over 36 – ectomorph
From 26 to 35 - weak physique
From 21 to 25 - endomorph
From 10 to 20 - good physique
Less than 10 - mesomorph.

By leg length

The length of the lower limbs and human height are interrelated. The ideal leg length is half a person's height. You need to measure the length of your legs - from the floor to the trochanteric point, located opposite the hip joint.

Now look at the result and find out your type.

If your legs are less than half your height or only 2 to 4 centimeters longer, you are an endomorph.
If it is 4-6 centimeters longer, then it is a mesomorph.
And if it exceeds 6 - 9 cm, you are an ectomorph.

Selection of workouts

For ectomorphs

Metabolism is fast, which prevents the body from storing subcutaneous fat.

The goal will be muscle growth, therefore, the emphasis should be on strength training, which includes a fairly large number of lifts. You should also perform complex movements and add weights. Perform fewer repetitions and allow more time for recovery.

For endomorphs

Metabolism is slow, which is why weight gain is fast and weight loss is also slow.

This will require frequent exercise: a lot of endurance exercises and keeping your fat percentage under control. Hence the conclusion: cardio should definitely be part of your training. Moderate loads with 8 - 12 repetitions per set with minimal rest time between sets.

Cost of services

CONSULTATIONS OF SPECIALISTS
Initial consultation with a psychiatrist (60 min.)	6,000 rub.
Repeated consultation	5,000 rub.
Consultation with a psychiatrist-narcologist (60 min.)	5,000 rub.
Consultation with a psychologist	3,500 rub.
Consultation with Gromova E.V. (50 minutes)	12,000 rub.

PSYCHOTHERAPY
Psychotherapy (session)	7,000 rub.
Psychotherapy (5 sessions)	30,000 rub.
Psychotherapy (10 sessions)	60,000 rub.
Group psychotherapy (3-7 people)	3,500 rub.
Psychotherapy session with E.V. Gromova (50 minutes)	12,000 rub.

This list does not contain all prices for services provided by our clinic. The full price list can be found on the “Prices” , or by calling: 8(969)060-93-93. Initial consultation is FREE!

Ectomorph nutrition

Nutrition is the main aspect of a healthy and strong body. Men of this type face difficulties when they want to strengthen their muscles, increase their volume and make their figure more attractive. But, having a fast metabolism, they are unable to gain the necessary weight. Therefore, the result cannot be achieved without controlling the caloric content of food and the balance of dietary fat.

When choosing products, preference should be given to nourishing and natural items. It is better to refuse or minimize the consumption of simple carbohydrates (sweets, baked goods) and exclude fast food. Preferably complex carbohydrates: cereals, whole grain pasta, whole grain bread. These products should be at least half of the daily diet. Don't forget about fiber: fresh vegetables and fruits.

When gaining weight, an asthenic man should increase the amount of protein foods to 30% of the daily food intake (meat, fish, cheese, eggs, cottage cheese, soy, legumes). You need about 15% healthy fats (vegetable oils, avocados, seeds, nuts).

In addition to recommendations on the balance of food intake and calorie control, the asthenic type requires adherence to the following nutritional principles:

the daily calorie intake should be divided into 5-6 meals and distributed evenly throughout the day;
1.5 hours before training, eat a hearty meal with complex carbohydrates;
after training, eat protein foods;
have a hearty breakfast no later than an hour after waking up;
for the first time of gaining weight, the asthenic type requires an increase in the basic caloric intake by 150-200 calories.