Sadism: what is it, who are these people (sadists) and why do they become like this?

Speaking about sadism, many first of all understand the tendency to violent physical actions that manifests itself in a particular person. In fact, even such areas as psychology and sexology consider sadism. Sexual sadism and general sadistic behavior, as well as sadism in its modern presentation, are all subjects of debate and discussion going on since the 19th century. Some say that it is fair to associate the term only with the sexual sphere, while others believe that only with the physical. In general, however, it is better to view sadism as a complex phenomenon. This is a person’s desire to cause pain and suffering to another in order to satisfy some of his own desires.

How to deal with sadism? What to do, how to behave with a partner with tendencies? How to recognize signs of sadism? Answers, theory, advice and recommendations from psychologists - all this is presented in the article.

What is sadism?

It has already been shown that there are many points of view according to which sadism should be tied to the exclusively sexual sphere. But it's not like that. First we will describe non-sexual sadism.

In a broad sense, sadism is a person’s tendency to violence, humiliation and torment of others. The sadist derives pleasure from control, dominance, violence, aggression and cruel behavior. He gets extremely positive experiences from acts of manipulation and putting the “victim” in fear. If the latter experiences negative emotions, even feigned ones, the sadist literally gets high.

Sadism in its modern broad understanding can be found in professional activities, in family life, in relationships between “friends” and more. This is a very dangerous phenomenon. Both in physical and psychological senses. Psychologists note that there is a connection between sadism and brain pathologies (40% of patients with signs of sadism).

Differences between sexual sadism

Sexual sadism differs from simple sadism in that humiliation, physical and emotional pain, and all accompanying acts of behavior and actions provide sexual arousal to one of the partners or both. Remember masochism: masochists in this case are the “victims” of sadists. The word “victims” is in quotation marks because masochists get sincere satisfaction from being humiliated. They like being controlled. They like it when someone hurts.

Thus, sexual sadism differs from non-sexual sadism precisely because of the background in the form of close intimate relationships. To understand what the essence of things is, let's introduce the concept of BDSM. Yes, it's about whips, handcuffs, hot wax and torture in sex games.

We will not limit ourselves only to some classical or conventionally standard definitions. There are many types of sadism, each of which has its own characteristics in terms of manifestation.

Do you think it is fair to associate the concept of “sadism” only with the sexual sphere?

Yes, otherwise we should talk about rapists and aggressors.

0%

No, this is a wrong opinion.

60%

Can not answer. Too few theoretical ideas. I will read the article further.

40%

Voted: 5

Demographics10

Although sadistic sexual fantasies often begin in a person's childhood, the onset of active sexual sadism usually occurs in early adulthood. Once true sadistic behavior begins, it often continues chronically in people with this disorder, especially if they do not seek help.

Sexual sadism is much more common with consenting partners than with non-consenting partners. When consenting partners are involved, the sadist and masochist can be either male or female. When disagreeing partners are involved, the sadist is almost always male.

Sadomasochism involving consenting partners is not considered rare or unusual. This often occurs outside of a mental disorder. Fewer people consider themselves sadists than masochists.

What types of sadism are there?

There are too many classifications and typologies. The classification proposed by psychologist Theodore Millon (United States) seems noteworthy. He identified the following types of sadism: spineless, explosive, violent and tyrannical.

It has already been shown that sadism is often considered by psychologists in connection with certain brain pathologies. There is also a point of view according to which sadists can be characterized by a number of personality disorders. Theodore Millon, working on his classification, started from this point of view.

Spineless sadism

In this case, the sadist exhibits traits of avoidant personality disorder. Usually he is a weak person, often false and cowardly in his actions. At the same time, he can be toxically dominant, excessively cruel, but only in conditions of support. For a spineless sadist, the fact of approval and encouragement is important.

It is also worth noting that for a spineless sadist, the victim is often a person who is already offended by life or often succumbs to insults and humiliation from other people. Some psychologists note that this form of sadism, as a manifestation of a person’s character, can be compared with bullying.

Explosive sadism

In this case, the sadist demonstrates traits of borderline personality disorder. He is usually a person characterized by unpredictable, often inexplicable outbursts of aggression and anger. His violent actions against other people are nothing more than attacks, caused primarily by his own oppression, his own grievances.

A remarkable feature of explosive sadism can be described by the fact that after each attack or each outburst the sadist usually begins to repent. However, this repentance is worthless: the cycle repeats. A new insult or new humiliation leads to the fact that a person with borderline personality disorder begins to look for victims and do his own “dirty” deeds.

Violent sadism

It is common for any violent sadist to have obsessive-compulsive disorder.

Violent sadism is closely related to a person’s desire to control others, to punish them for “misconduct” or “mistakes,” and to use harsh methods. Often violent sadists are unscrupulous police officers and law enforcement officers. These are people hiding behind “public interests” or “interests of the state.”

Tyrannical sadism

Passive-aggressive personality disorder is about tyrannical sadists. Any of them savors every act of their own manifestation of sadistic inclinations. They make you fear, obey, can be inhuman and use a variety of, even the most disgusting and inhumane threats, just to satisfy their own desires.

Theodore Millon is the author of another interesting point of view. In his writings, he often notes that sadism in any of its forms is an expression, albeit not always absolute, of the desire to turn from a victim of violence (which happened a long time ago) into the rapist himself. All this is partly accompanied by the desire to master the situation, to take control of something by humiliating other people.

What type of sadism seems most dangerous to you?

First. The weakest and quietest people are often the most cruel.

0%

Second. If a person takes revenge on others for something they did not do, then he is especially dangerous.

50%

Third. The situation in the world allows us to talk about this.

0%

Fourth. How can an inhuman citizen not be dangerous to society?

50%

Voted: 2

Treatment12

Behavioral therapy is often used to treat paraphilias. This treatment approach may involve managing and conditioning patterns of arousal and masturbation. Therapy involving cognitive restructuring and social skills training is also often used.

Medication may be used to reduce fantasies and behaviors associated with paraphilias. This form of treatment is especially recommended for people who exhibit sadistic behavior that is dangerous to others. Medications that may be used include female hormones (most often medroxyprogesterone acetate, or MPA), which speed up the removal of testosterone from the bloodstream; antiandrogen drugs, which block the body's absorption of testosterone; and selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors.

Mindless, sadistic behavior often leads to problems with the criminal justice system. Legal issues may impair or delay a patient's treatment. Individuals with sexual sadism may be reluctant to seek treatment or continue treatment because they fear that their behavior will be reported to the police or that they will be named in a lawsuit by an unwitting partner.

Treatment of sexual sadism may also be complicated by health problems related to sexual behavior. Sexually transmitted diseases and other medical problems may be present, especially when sadistic behavior involves the discharge of blood or other body fluids.

Treatment of sadism

In general, therapeutic activities are aimed at resolving the internal conflict that the individual faces. This internal conflict is often the “provocateur” of the emergence of tendencies to manifest sadism.

Sometimes psychological methods are enough, sometimes psychotherapy methods and medication are needed. Therapy is easiest if the sadist is aware of the problem and sincerely wants to overcome himself and correct the situation.

Here are 3 common methods used to treat sadism:

• psychological therapy . Within the framework of the method, specialists can resort to the tools of psychoanalysis and more. The goal of treatment in this case is to identify problems and achieve their understanding, as well as an understanding of the need for struggle on the part of the patient;
• drug therapy . In some cases you cannot do without it. Most often, drugs are used that help stop aggressiveness and instability of behavior and anger. These are psychotropic, sedatives and other drugs, for example, antidepressants;
• social adaptation . This is about communication training, occupational therapy, group sports sections and more. The method is often used to treat sadism in people who experience sadism due to the absence of close people and close relationships.

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How to behave with a sadist?

The following shows communication methods and behavior patterns that will allow you to build a relationship with a sadist correctly. Sometimes it is best to avoid sadists, sometimes it is easier to end relationships with people who exhibit sadistic tendencies. But there are cases in which you can try to correct a person and help him.

Here are practical tips:

• if a person is aware of the problem and wants to get rid of it, help him. It is likely that it is your support, your concern that will literally become the impetus for positive changes;
• If a person doesn’t see any problems in his behavior, if he believes that “everything is fine” with him, then, alas, there is only one way out – ending the relationship. There is no need to take on the role of a victim and try to put up with it. This sacrifice will not be appreciated by anyone. At least not a sadist - that's for sure. He will just continue to use people as his doormat.

Situations are different. All people are different. When deciding how to pursue a relationship with a sadist or whether it is even worth it, please weigh the pros and cons. It is possible that you will be the one who will be able to correct what seemed incorrigible. There is also a possibility that you will accept the role of the victim. When faced with sadism, look first for reasons not in yourself, but in those who demonstrate appropriate behavior. If possible, first of all take the “suspect” by the hand and lead him to a psychologist. Do the same if you observe unhealthy tendencies in yourself.

Is it worth communicating with a sadist?

Yes, if there is a firm and clear goal to correct it.

0%

Yes, but you have to be careful not to adopt a pattern of behavior.

25%

No, such people (with sadistic tendencies) do not deserve humane treatment.

75%

I can’t say, it depends on the specific case.

0%

Voted: 4

Forecast13

Due to the chronicity of sexual sadism and uncertainty, its treatment is often difficult. The fact that many sadistic fantasies are socially unacceptable or unusual leads many people who may have the disorder to avoid or quit treatment. Treatment of paraphilias is often a sensitive subject for many mental health professionals. Severe cases of sexual sadism should be referred to a specialized clinic for the treatment of sexual disorders or to specialists experienced in treating such cases.

As noted earlier, acts of sexual sadism tend to become more violent or bizarre over time. However, as men with this disorder grow older, their ability to perform such actions begins to decline. Sexual sadism is rarely diagnosed in men over 50 years of age.

FAQ

The following are answers to questions that people often encounter when discussing the topic of sadism.

How common is non-sexual sadism?

Enough. There is evidence that it is widespread and occurs as often as sexual sadism. Alas, such is the world. Now aggression and violence are almost a “gesture” of fashion, almost a tribute to it. It has already been shown that sadism is always bad. And although each of us is partly a sadist, people who are “passionate” and captured by corresponding behavior patterns often cross all acceptable and unacceptable boundaries. In their impulses and attacks, they cause harm, even physical, sometimes to innocent people. This explains the importance of fighting sadism in all its manifestations.

Who were the famous sadists?

There are many examples. Let's show a few:

• Daria Saltykova, Russian noblewoman. There are some historical sources that allow us to say that on his Moscow estate in the 18th century. she boiled peasants in boiling water;
• Ilsa Koch. She was nicknamed the "Witch of Buchenwald." She was one of the most cruel guards in one of the concentration camps that existed during Nazi Germany. There are rumors according to which Ilsa could, for no reason, choose one of the prisoners, publicly beat her, and then force her subordinates to remove the skin from the victim’s body;
• Andrey Chikatilo. The example is self-explanatory. And although many are inclined to consider Chikatilo primarily a maniac, psychologists agree that he was primarily a sadist, as indicated by the motives of his actions and the testimony obtained as part of the investigations.

How to recognize a sadist at first sight?

At first glance, this may sometimes be impossible. The fact is that sadists are often the same as all other people. They go to work, visit cafes and cinemas, and go on vacation. They may not show themselves in any way, but in rare moments they become ferocious, wild and aggressive. We recommend that you read the section of the article “Psychological characteristics of sadists.” There we showed the main characteristics that can be used to describe the behavior of sadists. Even potential ones. Knowing them, you can quickly make a clear decision whether a particular person has characteristic inclinations.

Is it true that sadists never change?

No, that's not true. This is not a rule. Contrary to what everyone around says about the impossibility of changing this or that person, with sadists everything is different. Among them there are those who are fully aware of the problems they have and want to cope with them and overcome them. Sometimes correcting a sadist is a very simple and trouble-free process. However, in some cases, special treatment may be required. You can find out how specialists most often fight sadists in the section of the article entitled “Treatment of Sadism.” In it we show that the diagnosis is not hopeless, which simply requires corrective measures appropriate to the case and its severity.

Is it worth forcing a sadist to undergo treatment?

Sometimes yes, sometimes no. Not everyone is ready and will change. Not everyone can see the reasons and problems in themselves. This can significantly complicate a particular situation. You can understand whether your intervention is worth the effort through a simple conversation or discussion. Try to let the person know that their behavior is not normal. It's good if he agrees. It’s good if he expresses a desire to change. In this case, there is no need to force him: just offer your support and go to a psychologist together. Otherwise, attempts to force can only worsen your relationship with the sadist. Start with a simple conversation. It will allow you to understand whether your attempts and efforts will make any sense.

Better mental health4

A 2013 study published in the Journal of Sexual Medicine found that people who practiced BDSM scored higher on certain mental health measures than those who engaged in vanilla sex.

BDSM participants were less neurotic, more open, more aware and sensitive to rejection, more secure in their relationships, and had better overall well-being.

There was no sign of a thunderstorm

A verbal sadist can be difficult to recognize at first. He can show himself as a loving, caring, attentive and reliable person, and seem like a real standard of a man.

He singles you out from everyone, exalts you above the rest, sees in you something bright, pure, filling you with the desire to live. He is always ready to be there: in sickness and in health, in sorrow and in joy, to love and protect from everything and everyone. His devotion immediately captivates you, and you see in front of you the best husband you can imagine, because everything shows that family is the most valuable thing in life for this man.

You know for certain the whole story of his life. You understand that he had to endure many difficulties, that life dealt with him very harshly at times, and therefore in many matters he shows excessive categoricalness, dividing the world only into black and white. But so far this does not alarm you, and you are trying your best to understand, console, inspire and become the only one who will change his opinion about the cruel world and ungrateful people.

Signs of inclination

Signs of sadistic tendencies can manifest themselves as:

• dislike of animals
• the desire to conduct experiments with living organisms that are life-threatening,
• disrespectful or offensive behavior with members of the opposite sex (selected victims, not all),
• painful play on the feelings of another person,
• deliberate destruction of other people's plans and hopes,
• unmotivated vindictiveness,
• contempt for some people
• desire to dominate someone
• slander, deception of another person in order to cause trouble
• and many other actions that others may mistakenly regard as bad character traits rather than a mental disorder. Information belongs to the site _rew-med_