The founders of psychogenetics and the authors of the IDEAL method are the Teutsch couple

Introduction

Psychogenetics is a mandatory discipline in the state standard for training psychologists

Why is the study of this subject so important for the basic education of a modern psychologist? In our opinion, there are two reasons for this. Firstly, psychogenetic research is carried out mainly by psychologists

Professional geneticists are often largely unaware of advances in this field. In recent years, psychogenetics has significantly enriched psychology with many facts relating, in particular, to the study of various aspects of the influence of the environment on the course of development. Therefore, the general education of a psychologist should include knowledge of psychogenetics. Secondly, and this is perhaps the most important thing, familiarity with psychogenetics helps in shaping the worldview of a future psychologist. Psychogenetics lays the foundations for the methodology of studying man as a biosocial being and allows not only to enrich the theoretical foundations of psychology, but also to lay the foundation for the application of knowledge from the field of psychogenetics in the practical work of a psychologist. A practical psychologist, working with a client or a group, manipulates various means of the environment, forming or correcting certain psychological qualities of a person, i.e., in the language of genetics, his behavioral phenotype. The phenotype is the result of the interaction of the genotype and the environment. Thus, when working with the environment, a psychologist must also take into account a person’s heredity. A person is a complex, self-organizing, living system, which, unlike other living organisms, is included, in addition to the biological, also in the social context. This means that the formation of a person’s individuality occurs in the context of complex multi-level interactions. In order to better understand how one or another final result of these interactions arises at each stage of development, it is necessary to be able to operate with the basic concepts and facts of psychogenetics. Therefore, a full-fledged education of a psychologist must necessarily include knowledge from this field of science.

About psychogenetics

An article about the science of Psychology was previously published. Later it was supplemented by very reasonable statements by Prof. V. Kumarin Axioms of Pestalozzi and Y-logy
, with which I would like to start talking about such a new formation as psychogenetics. Why does “psychology,” despite all the revelations, continue to “bloom and smell”? And why does “the only true teaching” “bloom and smell” (still!)? Because there is demand! Because the ability to believe in miracles (we will “develop” a born fool into a genius; we will “form” a Mozart out of someone who has a bear in their ear, we will make a poor student an excellent student, we will repurpose the “prison of nations” into a “bright future”, and we will establish the market by launching into the power of the communist “goat”), into the wildest myths, are also given to us by the genetic program, and the only antidote, education and high culture, presupposes the intervention of eugenics and genetic engineering. ... Look through any psychological or philosophical dictionary and see: “personality”, “inclinations”, “I-concept”, “new formations”, “transcendentality”, and “extroverts”, “introverts”, “collective unconscious” - as if pulled from “racial theory” of Alfred Rosenberg... The highest achievement of cunning inventors in “psychology” is, of course, a matrix with the help of which the “conceptual apparatus” can be replenished using the method of Lysenko hybridization (a classic example is a hybrid of a water supply system with a sewerage system). Essentially, this is the same as in the case of “creativity,” but instead of a suffix, a prefix is ​​taken: either “psi” or “psycho.” This is how “psychopedagogy”, “psychophysiology”, “psychophysics”, “psychopharmacology”, “psychosomatics”, “psycholinguistics”, “psychotherapy”, “psychoneurology”, “psychomodelling”, “psychogenetics” and many other hybrids appeared. The calculation is simple, but very effective: if, say, genetics is undoubtedly a science, then “psychogenetics” can be sold as a science. Moreover, create the impression: Avon, how important it is, this “psychology”: no matter where you spit, you will definitely fall into it. ... What was the subject of “psychology” at the time of its creation by Herbart and Beneke (“passing” philosophical judgments of Descartes, Spinoza, Bacon, Locke and others can be left to narrow specialists)? That's right, soul. What about today? Sorry, but no longer a soul. The soul, under the pressure of facts obtained by physiologists - primarily Sechenov, Pavlov and Bekhterev, who would not say by night, did not recognize “psychology” at all - “psychologists” had to repeatedly exchange that for “behavior as a system of objectively observable reactions of the body to external stimuli”, then on the “energy of sexual desires”, then on the personality (a concept as meaningful as the “soul” itself), then on the “brain function” (it is not clear which one), then on..., however, you can’t list everything, therefore, I will give the last (for now!) definition, which is not only impossible to understand, but also impossible to read: “P. is the science of the laws and mechanisms of development and functioning of the psyche as a special form of life activity, mediated by a subjective image of external activity and an active attitude towards it” (see: Russian Pedagogical Encyclopedia.- T.2.-M., 1999.-P. 228). What does this unique substitution of “objects” indicate when it comes to science?

Getting acquainted with university courses and books on psychogenetics, it becomes clear that she has completely inherited the characteristic empirical methods of psychology. Psychogeneticists themselves call the main methods of psychogenetics: population, genealogical, method of adopted children and method of twins. Moreover, the last one is recognized as the only reliable and sufficiently reliable (according to their own assessment), and the rest are used for hypothetical comparisons and reflections.

This is how Valentina Kuzmina, a psychogeneticist, presents psychogenetics.

Psychogenetics is a science founded by Kurt Champion Teutsch.

, American physicist and psychologist, Ph.D. Psychogenetics is also called genophysics. It is at the intersection of the sciences of physics, genetics and psychology. This science gives simple and accessible life advice on how to feel happy, prosperous and healthy. By the way, Teutsch’s clients in America were Reagan, Clinton and other famous politicians, actors, and businessmen. ... our brain is a supercomputer programmed by heredity and our individual consciousness. There is a genetic code that determines a person’s appearance, psychological character traits and his destiny. ... investments can be unsuccessful. The reason is simple: we have not learned (or were not taught) to defend our decisions and believe in them. Here are some recommendations. 1. You should carefully weigh the pros and cons. Consider the consequences of each decision. Do not accept it until all controversial issues have been carefully considered. 2. Do not make vague and conditional decisions, decide precisely, definitely, definitively. 3. Stand by your decision. Once it is accepted, your subconscious mind will make arguments against it. Maybe those around you will try to convince you of the inconsistency of your line of behavior. If you are persistent, your decision will lead you to success.

The methodology of psychogenetics, in particular the basics of the twin research method, can be judged from the psychogenetic text below: Since MZ twins develop from the same zygote, they are genetically identical and all observed differences in phenotypes should be associated only with environmental influences. Therefore, at first glance, it seems that in order to determine to what extent the variability of a trait is determined by genetic factors, it is enough to establish the level of similarity of the MZ twins. This assumption would be valid if, from the moment of birth of MZ, the twins were separated and raised in different environments. But in most cases this does not happen and the twins are raised in the same environment. Therefore, to take into account the influence of the common environment, pairs of DZ twins are used as controls. On DZ twins, the common environmental factor acts to the same extent as on MZ twins, but DZ twins have approximately half as many genes in common. Therefore, the level of genetically determined similarity in DZ twins should be lower than in MZ twins. The twin method was proposed by F. Galton in 1865, but the final development of its foundations was carried out by G. Siemens in 1924. Semens developed a reliable method for diagnosing zygosity (polysymptomatic comparison method), based on assessing the similarities and differences of twins in a number of parameters. Each parameter individually does not allow one to make a judgment about the zygosity of twins, but the use of a set of parameters allows for a more reliable diagnosis. In addition, he proposed using not only MZ twins, but also DZ twins as a research object. The principles laid down by G. Siemens as the basis for the twin method have not undergone any significant changes to the present day. The classic twin method is based on several assumptions. First, equality of environment is assumed for partners in both MZ and DZ twin pairs. In this case, if the variability of a trait is completely determined by the environment, then both MZ and DZ twins should have equally high intrapair correlations for this trait, close to 1.0. If the variability of a trait depends entirely on the genotype, then the correlation coefficient in the group of MZ twins should be close to 1.0, and in the group of DZ twins approximately equal to 0.5 (i.e., the degree of relatedness of the DZ twins, the similarity of their genotype). Second, it is assumed that there are no systematic differences between twins and singletons. Otherwise, the results of twin studies cannot be transferred to the population as a whole. There should also be no systematic differences between the types of twins themselves. ... The twin method and its variations are one of the few experimental methods for studying the influence of environment and genotype on psychological characteristics. Like all other experimental methods of psychogenetics (family method, method of adopted children, analysis of pedigrees), it is not a method that allows one to confidently separate the influence of genotype and environment on the characteristics under study. An exception is the method of separated twins, but for obvious reasons its use in practice is very limited. Therefore, as when using other experimental schemes, one should approach with some caution the interpretation of experimental data obtained by the twin method and verify the obtained data in all possible ways, for example, by comparison with data obtained by other methods.

It is characteristic of both psychologists and psychogeneticists that, without having a specific understanding of either the neurophysiological mechanisms of the psyche (during the formation of psychology there were no reliable ideas about this at all) or what exactly and how is transmitted using the genetic code (this is still While it is still only being researched), they nevertheless make assumptions, testing them empirically and, in many ways, receiving confirmation of their guesses under certain specific conditions. At the same time, there are other conditions in which their assumptions are completely unjustified. It is clear that specific knowledge of the mechanisms of the psyche or the mechanisms of heredity would simply remove all the questions that psychologists and psychogeneticists are trying to indirectly solve. It turns out that psychological research is simply premature and incorrect from a methodological point of view because they are trying to solve the issue not by directly elucidating the mechanisms, but by the method of alchemical guessing, with all the absurdity inherent in this method. Although this method has developed so sophisticatedly since the ancient alchemists that it is not easy to find inconsistencies with scientific methodology. However, the signs of unscientificness, which can be used to navigate, are formalized in the criteria for Determining the weight of unscientificness. Thus, it is worth paying attention to the following specific criteria: 1. Nowhere is it specifically stated or even indirectly implied about the boundaries of application of the law, theory, method, i.e. about where it should not be used. (namely, that the empirically found patterns are strictly applicable only to the conditions for which they were obtained and cannot be extended to all conditions in general.) 2 This is the author’s theory that explains the fundamentals of the structure of the entire universe with numerous conclusions, up to the level of describing human abilities . (Champion Kurt Teutsch is considered the founder of psychogenetics by most of those who call themselves psychogeneticists; in his books he claims such universal comprehensiveness.) 3. The author sells a service (substance, method, computer program) or organizes paid courses or free courses with mandatory purchasing manuals and support materials. (a huge number of organizations and individuals sell psychogenetic recipes to gullible people). 4. Using as evidence only the positive (expected) effects of the experiment and keeping silent about the rest (there is no complete statistics of the results). (Most of the empirical results of psychogeneticists suffer from this.) 5. It is impossible to come up with an experiment that could clearly refute this theory if it turns out to be incorrect. (this is a very serious sign of lack of science.) 6. A theory is presented as truth, proven and undoubted, regardless of how widespread and accepted it is in the world (A theory is something that is sufficiently convincing and undoubted for a person or group of people. The same thing for people who do not share this opinion, this is a hypothesis, i.e. something that is subject to verification by reality and is not yet suitable for confident use). (Almost all practicing psychogeneticists present it this way.)

Here is an example of texts from the academic laboratory of psychogenetics (from the Internet page https://www.psy.msu.ru/about/kaf/genetics.html) created in December 1972 at the Psychological Institute of the Russian Academy of Education and since then has not turned away from psychogenetic rails on which it was oriented, although its own research was largely faced with a contradiction in the incorrectness of the methodology for studying the subject by the method of alchemical trial and error. ...in recent years, in studies of genetic determinants of variability in psychological and psychophysiological traits, data have accumulated that force us to go beyond the simple statement of the presence of genetic influences and require a revision of the very conceptual basis of psychogenetic research

.
... Data from a number of studies (Panteleeva T.A., 1978; Maryutina T.M., 1983; Kochubey B.I., 1982; Zyryanova N.M., 1992; Malykh S., Egorova M., P'ynkova S 1992; Malykh S.B., Egorova M.S., Pyankova S.D., 1993; Malykh S.B., 1986,1988,2000;) identified certain patterns of manifestations of genetic and environmental influences on individual differences in psychological and psychophysiological features depending on the “context” in which the feature is realized, its place, meaning, functional role in the holistic system in which it is included.
The data from these studies indicate that phenotypically the same psychological trait, i.e. a trait that has the same external manifestations may differ significantly in its psychological structure and, accordingly, in the relative contribution of genotypic and environmental determinants to its variability. ... A longitudinal study of twins conducted by the laboratory team has been going on for over ten years.

And so on. Of course, it is impossible to simply empirically sort out all the infinite variety of conditions in which the expected pattern manifests itself and indicates an incorrect approach and incorrect methodology. It is clear that the manifestation of some ability in twins (the favorite and practically the only object of psychogeneticists) may be realized under some conditions, but not under others. If abilities are not transmitted by the genetic code, but only give some kind of predetermination, then they may or may not be realized (for which you need to know what exactly makes predetermination come true) and no experiments with twins can show what exactly the mechanism is taking place. More details about this aspect can be found in the article The Blessed Ones (about the conditionality of individual differences in the formation of a mystical worldview). Most work in psychogenetics is devoted to the study of personality differences in higher mental functions, mainly “intelligence” - a vague concept in itself, using a variety of tests. The extent to which such tests are incorrect and unreliable has been stated more than once.

This is how the subject area of ​​psychogenetics is treated in the training course https://www.ido.edu.ru/psychology/psychogenetic/1.html: Why is the study of this subject so important for the basic education of a modern psychologist? In our opinion, there are two reasons for this. Firstly, psychogenetic research is carried out mainly by psychologists. Professional geneticists are often largely unaware of advances in this field. Those. the discipline engaged in research into whose mechanisms geneticists study is not of any significance for the latter: they are not even aware of it. But if geneticists could finally describe exactly what exactly and how forms individual differences that have their origin in the genetic code , then psychogenetics would no longer be needed precisely because of the accuracy of such knowledge. And, if it turned out that the genetic code itself is not capable of transmitting the amount of information that psychogeneticists assign to it, then the prefix genetics before psi would suddenly become redundant. It turns out that instead of science we are dealing with some of its surrogate, forced to guess alchemically at a time when real sciences have not yet explored this area with their exact methods. This is reminiscent of the situation with psychology, which is content with a variety of rather contradictory assumptions instead of accurate knowledge of the neurophysiological mechanisms of the organization of the psyche. As a consequence of this uncertain situation, a lot of speculation flourishes in this discipline, using scientific interpretations of other disciplines and outright fraud aimed at generating income for gullible people mesmerized by the aura of psychology and its newer and even more impressive offshoot. Like psychology, psychogenetics is prone to different classifications of people. So in this very course, the subject Classification of people according to their natural talents is introduced, the number of famous and outstanding people of all ranks (in%) among the relatives of brilliant people (as if it had been proven that celebrity is an indispensable condition for some kind of talent). Different psychogeneticists call completely different people the founding fathers. Thus, in the training course the odious Champion Kurt Teutsch is not mentioned at all. This is also characteristic of psychology, which has split since the times of Freud and Jung into a clearly mystical (transpersonal) and a more academic, but no less incorrect in methods and means of research and their applications. This approach breeds a corresponding distrust of any data and theories obtained by these disciplines. And only the demand for their services from gullible people, organizations and governments keeps them alive.

Here are the impressions of a student who just passed a course in psychogenetics https://asena.livejournal.com/116264.html

...we checked that the mouse chooses as its sexual partners a mouse in which the MHC (the main histological compatibility complex) is maximally different from its own. In practice, this means that the offspring will have a wider range of immune reactions (being a heterozygote is generally good). A mouse was specially placed with the male that was as close as possible in terms of MHC - not very willingly, but entered into a romantic relationship with it - and then as different as possible from him. The offspring were compared - mice born “for love” were significantly healthier... How do mice know about MHC? - and by the smell... ... After this, it was impossible not to think about people. There were experiments with them too: they were given T-shirts that another person had been wearing for a day to smell, and they were asked to rate the attractiveness (or disgustingness) of the smell. Then they compared the MHC and were completely surprised. The real truth. The more Person A liked the smell of Person B's T-shirt, the more differences they had in their MHC genes, and vice versa. So, it turns out that a person’s olfactory attractiveness is the key to healthy children, that’s how it is. And they explained to us about unrequited love that this is a mistake of nature. That one of the two has problems with the olfactory system, and he either likes it by mistake or doesn’t like it by mistake. Or - that this love is purely from the head, and if I slept for several nights with the object of passionate love in one pair, I myself would understand that it’s not that, that’s not it. I just wouldn't understand why. .. And there is an opinion that the problem of fathers and children is connected with this: the smell of a person close to you in the MHC causes unconscious irritation and a desire to get away as far as possible.

Like mushrooms after rain, many institutes of “psychogenetics” have appeared, providing seminars on improving human essence, abilities and attracting good luck. Let's look at what they write on the Internet page of such an institute https://www.psychogenetics.ru/pages.php?id=3:

The formula for success cannot be universal for everyone; it is very individual. Depending on how you define success, the subconscious mind either slows down or speeds up its achievement. Today it is considered proven that we inherit not only the physical appearance of our ancestors, but also certain behavioral patterns. DNA stores information not only about the color of a person’s eyes or hair, but also about his desires, which are also inherited. This discovery was made more than 30 years ago by the American doctor of physics and psychology Kurt C. Teutsch. To change your life for the better, it is important to learn not to regret the past, but to analyze it and see the opportunities through which we can become successful and see new prospects for our own lives. Psychogenetics allows you to look at a person’s life as a whole and understand that every event in life has its place. Our life energy, like the energy of the Universe, is unlimited. The only limiting factor is inherited misconceptions. If you get rid of hereditary dependence, then all the energy of the Universe will become available to you. During an individual consultation you will be able to: ....

There are even more practicing “individuals”, loaded with various kinds of certificates and diplomas. Here is an example of an advertisement for such an arbiter of human destinies on the Internet page https://www.gynecolog.su/psycho.phtml

Studied at the Institute of Humanitarian Education and Psychoanalysis of the Academy of Humanitarian Research of the Russian Federation; Moscow Humanitarian University; Toychey Ideal Method Academy (USA) - psychology and psychogenetics; Moscow Aviation Institute (economics and production organization). Conducts training seminars and provides significant assistance in solving a number of life problems. The use of special techniques makes it possible to correct a person’s behavioral attitude, “programmed” by the negative components of the experience of previous generations, thereby opening the way to the realization of personal aspirations in personal life, work and career. Until recently, human behavior was considered an unpredictable exception in a universe that Galileo, Kepler, Newton and Einstein claimed was orderly. Doctor of physics and psychology Champion K. Teutsch and his wife Joel Marie Teutsch (USA) more than forty years ago put forward a brilliant theory about the inheritance by a person of the behavioral patterns of his relatives. They called this theory “psychogenetics” or “genophysics.” With the advent of Joel Marie and Champion Kurt Teutsch, human physics, genetics, and spiritual law were combined to prove that human behavior and experience are predictable. Their careful research revealed that human behavior can be modified to benefit every man, woman, and child, as well as organizations and businesses.

Today it has been proven that any problem in people’s lives is explainable, predictable and solvable, and every person can take advantage of a unique chance to change their life for the better once and for all! MAKE AN APPOINTMENT PRICE LIST

Need I say how false and impudent such statements are in the desire to create loud advertising? Today, not a single physicist, chemist, neurophysiologist, astronomer or representative of any other science that practices the methodology of scientific knowledge organizes seminars that promise to change fate, or takes money for consultations in solving life problems. Psychologists, psychogeneticists, fortune tellers, sorcerers and psychics do this. Books by Champion Kurt Teutsch can be found in the Esoteric sections. Parapsychology. Secrets of Yoga and other spiritual practices. See comments to the book From human constraint and the burden of passions to freedom. Here's how else psychogeneticists attract the gullible to their seminars (https://www.cityclass.ru/course/detail/2860/): Psychogenetics is the path to a happy marriage. The discovery for many people will be that our experience and behavior are inherited, and therefore predictable. And what is predictable can be changed and a person can control his destiny. At the seminar you will learn how to achieve your cherished goal of becoming a happy person, achieving mutual understanding in the family, overcoming loneliness, getting rid of fears and feeling confident in the future. The seminar will allow students to answer the questions: How to overcome loneliness and rejection? How to build joyful relationships in the family? Why have you not received what you dream of until today? How to move from the Universe of unhappy people to the Universe of happy people? Each of us is programmed to have certain experiences. The genetic factor operates in the life of every person. The gene code is a set of laws and rules of behavior for any events in our lives. We see ourselves the way our ancestors saw themselves. The gene code dictates that we conflict, be dissatisfied, suffer from loneliness and rejection, look for a loved one and not find it. This is because the life experiences of the ancestors are written into DNA as a code, and DNA produces everything as a specific life form. Our task is to free ourselves from the power of the gene code. We are capable of not repeating the mistakes of our ancestors. The IDEAL method allows you to most accurately determine the gene code by analyzing the experience of great-grandparents and knowing the laws by which the gene code is transmitted.

Summary.

Of course, in conditions when science has not yet been able to find and accurately describe the mechanisms of interpersonal differences, attempts are being made to at least somehow assume them, research is being carried out in the hope of guessing the structure of the black box based on external signs purely empirically, hypotheses and assumptions are being built. This is what precedes the birth of any true science (as chemistry was preceded by alchemy). But, as often happens in such cases, demand immediately gives rise to supply: unscrupulous and far from scientific forms of fooling gullible people, hiding behind very fashionable and impressive names of psychological “sciences”. And, it must be admitted, this factor turns out to be the most predominant in psychogenetics. Today, the state of science is not at all the same as it was in the Middle Ages, when spontaneously emerging empirical lines of research arose and disappeared or were transformed (as was the case with homeopathy). A certain general ideological potential of a scientist, a good understanding of the principles of scientific methodology, can do much more. And then, in the course of the development of existing subject areas, their interdisciplinary generalizations arise - a systematic approach, which in itself can become a completely independent subject area. In the case of the development of genetics and neurophysiology, it would be system genetics or system neurophysiology (the essence is not in the name), which would quite reasonably generalize what has already been studied by the original disciplines, forming a new, interdisciplinary direction for further research. At the present time, it is precisely the misunderstanding of the essence of scientific methodology that produces an incredible number of fixed ideas, as well as the development of their apologists into some artificially supported formations, as happened with psychogenetics, the idea of ​​which, nevertheless, was authored by Kurt Teutsch (who was not a geneticist by profession). neither a psychologist), and not all those predecessors who dealt with issues of interpersonal differences, which are referred to by the academic branch of psychogenetics. It was through his efforts that the craze and fashion for psychogenetics began. But it would be better not to exist. There would not be millions of deceived people who were authoritatively forced to believe that they were happy and became better people, there would be no immeasurable budgetary costs for unfulfilled illusions in different countries and incorrect research in a huge number of laboratories, but there would be a normal development of genetics and neurophysiology to the extent possible systemic generalizations that a competent scientist could make if necessary.

Additionally:

Inheritance of traits

Definition of types of studies

It's time to talk about such a topic as psychogenetics methods. Psychogenetics, as a developed branch of genetics and psychology, has developed its own methods with which it identifies differences between people:

1. Twin method. It is very popular in psychogenetics. Its meaning lies in the divergent genotype identity of identical and fraternal twins.

Scientists also conduct research analyzing and comparing people who are hereditarily identical, but grew up in different environments. However, using one type of study does not provide a complete analysis.

We recommend: Giftedness is

2. Genealogical method. Let's get the family tree. Just for fun, you yourself can trace the distinctive features among your family members by comparing the appearance of representatives of different generations using photographs.

However, it is more widely used in medical genetics and anthropology, but in psychogenetics as a separate tool it will provide an incomplete answer. Why? Because the adoption of psychological traits may be due to social continuity, and not just genetics.

3. Population method. The method is based on the study of the continuity of a separate group of genes. A psychogenetics method that can be used to identify any family pathologies.

4. Analysis of the heritability of normal psychological traits. This method is inaccurate, and it is never completely clear whether these signs existed from birth or were imparted over time through the influence of the surrounding world and traditions.

5. Method of adopted children. Comparison of a child with two families. The characteristic we are interested in is taken and correlated with real parents and adopted ones.

After all types of research, the results are carefully processed.

Next, consider the problems of psychogenetics:

• The study of the causes of the emergence of human personality. How do those features that distinguish us from each other arise?
• A precise definition of the structure of human personality. What is it made of and what mechanisms does it consist of?
• Measuring and determining the location of individual characteristics in the character and temperament of a person.
• Identification of certain external factors that influence an individual.
• Patterns of individual personality development, as well as the state of genotype-environmental interactions.

Sex-linked inheritance

Sex-linked inheritance is the inheritance of a gene located on the sex chromosomes. The inheritance of traits that occur only in individuals of one sex, but are not determined by genes on the sex chromosomes, is called sex-linked inheritance.

X-linked inheritance is the inheritance of genes when males are heterogamous and have one Y chromosome (XY), and females are homogamous and have two X chromosomes (XX). All mammals (including humans), most insects and reptiles have this type of inheritance.

Z-linked inheritance is when the female line is heterogamous and characterized by the presence of a W chromosome (ZW), and the male line is homogamous and has two Z chromosomes (ZZ). All members of the class Birds have this mode of inheritance.

If the allele of a sex-linked gene located on the X or Z chromosome is recessive, then the trait determined by this gene appears in all individuals of a heterogamous sex who received this allele along with the sex chromosome, and in individuals homozygous for this allele in a homogamous sex. field. This occurs because the second sex chromosome (Y or W) in a heterogamous sex does not carry alleles for most or all of the genes on the paired chromosome.

In individuals of heterogamous sex, the likelihood of having this trait is much higher. Therefore, diseases caused by recessive alleles of sex-linked genes are much more common in men, and women are often carriers of such alleles.

Variation is the ability of organisms to differ from other individuals of their species. There are three types - mutations, combinations and modifications.

Mutational variability

These are changes in the DNA of the cell (changes in the structure and number of chromosomes). Occur under the influence of ultraviolet light, radiation (X-rays), etc. Inherited, they are the material for natural selection (the mutation process is one of the driving forces of evolution).

Occurs when recombination (mixing) of paternal and maternal genes occurs.

Sources:

1. crossover in meiosis (homologous chromosomes closely overlap and exchange sections).
2. independent segregation of chromosomes in meiosis.
3. random fusion of gametes during fertilization.

Example: a night beauty flower has the red petal gene A, and the white petal gene a. The Aa organism has pink petals, this trait occurs when the combination (linkage) of red and white genes.

Occurs under the influence of the environment. It is not inherited because modifications only change the phenotype (trait), but the genotype does not change. Differences from mutations.

Examples:

You can cut the dandelion root into 2 parts and plant them in different conditions; plants of different types will grow, even if they have the same genotype;

When a person exposes himself to the sun, he turns brown; when he exercises, he builds muscle;

Chickens, if well kept, increase egg production; cows give more milk.

Modifiable variability is not infinite; for example, a white man can never adapt to the condition of a black man. The limits within which modification changes can occur are called “reaction norms”; they are inherent in the genotype and are inherited.

In our time

Now psychogenetics has gained its independence and continues to develop independently along with other sciences. International associations have been created, bringing together scientists from all over the world to study and develop psychogenetics. Magazines are published, scientific articles are published, books dedicated to this science are written.

A popular and much more thoroughly studied issue is the genotype-environmental relationship in changing the level of development, that is, human intelligence. Most of the work is related to the study of the influence on the formation of character and temperament due to certain factors. The human motor sphere fades into the background here.

Now two new branches have appeared in psychogenetics:

• Genetic psychophysiology. This field investigates both environmental and genetic determinants of brain activity.
• Genetics of individual development. Here, research is conducted to determine the role of environment and heredity in the continuity of stages of individual development of the human personality.

Thanks to research in this direction, we can conclude that initially the genome already contains a primary individuality, which subsequently develops and manifests itself in a child and an adult. But the meaning of this conclusion should be correctly understood.

Psychogenetic evidence shows the factors that influence differences between different people, not how a factor affects the same person. Also, the ratio of changes in any signs is not constant; it can change throughout the life of different people. The absence of errors on any attribute directly depends on the instrument with which it is measured.

We recommend: What is human potential?

In addition, if different factors are taken into account in the measurement of a psychological trait, then the “genetically given” will not necessarily be unchanged.

Thanks to active research, psychogenetics can identify more and more new environments in which personality development occurs, and psychogenetic research is carried out directly in them:

• Family environment. An environment that is the same for all family members and alien to other families.
• Individual environment. All family members have their own personal environment, and it does not coincide with them.

The founders of psychogenetics and the authors of the IDEAL method are the Teutsch couple

Joel Marie Teutsch

She forever changed the world of religion, medicine, psychiatry, psychology and physics for the better.
She has amazed priests and leaders of various faiths with her unique and practical interpretations of the Bible. Her teachings, demonstrations, and healings of seemingly hopeless cases shocked doctors, psychiatrists, and medical students in the United States and abroad. Even the famous Albert Einstein was amazed at her wisdom and contribution to the unified field theory. Joelle herself practiced what she preached. For her, everyone was a child of God. She did not accept abnormalities. Nicknamed "Lady Love" or "Lady Happiness", she brought hope, help and encouragement to depressed people - outcasts of society, orphans, single mothers, people of the older generation, the physically and mentally ill, as well as famous people, a number of business tycoons and movie stars , the inhabitants of the White House and the Queen of England.

Champion Kurt Teutsch

Doctor of Physics and Psychology, legendary man, Master Trainer and outstanding consultant on human mental genetics, with more than 140 thousand successfully resolved cases over 50 years of practice. He, along with his wife and mentor Joel Marie Teutsch, is the creator of the science of life - the Teutsch ideal method, which allows anyone to not only understand the causes of situations and conditions considered hopeless, but also to successfully resolve them, radically improving health, family relationships, financial situation, fulfillment in life, become a happy and loving person. Dr. Teutsch, who discovered the genetic code that controls human behavior, was the first in modern history to modify it under the leadership of Joel Marie Teutsch, turning from a victim to a winner! He is the author of many books, scientific articles and seminars that allow people interested in progress to study science - the Teutschian ideal method. According to independent world experts, he became the Person of the Year 2003 in the category “Professional in Healthcare.” Arriving in Russia at the age of 72, he laid the foundation for the dissemination of this science in our country, which became the center of the international dissemination of the Teutsch ideal method.

Ch.K. Teutsch with J.M. Teutsch, authors of the books

1. “From here to great happiness, or how to improve your life forever. Introduction to genetic physics. From genetic bondage to freedom."
2. “Your right to perfect health. Non-medical answers to cancer and other diseases."
3. “Joel's Revelations. The Bible as a textbook for joyful and effective living."
4. "Joel's Masterpieces"
5. “Spiritual intelligence. The Key to Human Efficiency."
6. "The Saga of Joel. Miracle of love."
7. “From victims to winners. Victimology".

"Star" clients Ch.K. Toycha and his wife

• Jim carrey,
• Louise Hay,
• Martin Sheen,
• Cloris Leachman,
• Anthony Perkins
• Anthony Quinn
• Elizabeth Taylor
• Jack Palance
• Louis Gossett
• Steven Spielberg,
• Rose Marie McMillan (global project manager for construction companies),
• Elvis Presley,
• Mark Hughes
• Patrick McNee
• George Bush Sr.
• R. Reagan,
• L. Johnson,
• Queen Elizabeth II
• and many others!

short biography

Champion Kurt Teutsch was born on February 10, 1921 in Leipzich, Germany. He emigrated from Nazi Germany to the United States in 1939, received a degree in physics, served in the US Air Force, worked in the space industry, then in the field of psychology. He constantly sought answers to questions about the structure and meaning of life. Fortunately, Teutsch met Joel Marie Noel, who became his wife on April 4, 1954. It was she who helped her husband find answers to all his questions and showed how order is created from chaos, deducing meaning from what many people called meaningless. Over the course of 7 years, the Teutschs, at the intersection of genetics, physics and spiritual law, developed the Teutsch IDEAL-method, which became the basis of their practical activities. The results were fast, accurate, satisfying and, moreover, effective. More than one hundred and twenty thousand people in Russia, America and other countries of our planet remember the Toichey spouses with gratitude, because they helped them change their quality of life, find themselves, become successful, and recover from serious illnesses. Among them are Ronald Reagan, George Bush, Anthony Perkins, Steven Spielberg, Elizabeth Taylor and others. Thanks to Teutsch's method, many people, starting from scratch, became successful businessmen, created happy families, and found mutual understanding with their loved ones and with the world around them.

Also Champion Kurt Teutsch received a bachelor's degree in civil engineering from the University of Florida in 1942 with honors; in 1948–1949 and 1957 studied at the University of Southern California (Los Angeles) and received a degree; graduate student at Harvard University 1947–1948; since 1975 he has the title of Master in Psychology from the University of California Coast (Santa Anna), since 1976 he has a Doctor of Psychology.

From 1946 to 1960 - Senior engineer, technical writer, editor for various aerospace firms in Columbus, San Francisco, Los Angeles. Since 1960, consultant psychogeneticist, genophysicist (Los Angeles); since 1981 President of the Academy of the Teutsch IDEAL Method (Los Angeles); since 1993, honorary chairman of the international research Moscow State University.

Since 1964, consultant to medical clinics, law firms, real estate, computer, electronics, insurance and automobile companies, advertising agencies in Southern and Northern California, Louisiana, Kansas, Nevada. Since 1968, guest on national and local television programs; in 1988, consultant to the presidential campaign of President Bush Sr. (Los Angeles).

Together with Joelle Marie Noelle Teutsch is the developer of the genogram and BID (basic internal direction or desire). He was a 1st Lieutenant in the US Air Force (1942–1952). Member of the Friar, Vikings, and International Optimist clubs (president, 1982)

Awards

Certificate from the independent prestigious publisher Marquis Who's Who, which since 1898 has independently identified and published biographies of people who have made outstanding contributions to the progress of humanity and demonstrated significant achievements in life. In its 13th edition (1996) of the Who's Who encyclopedia, the publisher certified that Champion Kurt Teutsch's biography is "the subject of a biographical record."

According to independent world experts, Ch.K. Teutsch became Person of the Year 2003 in the category “Professional in Healthcare.”

Teutsch's ideal method: what happens in our lives is not random, but predictable and determined by the genetic code we inherited from our ancestors. The DNA molecule (in the nucleus of every cell in the body) contains information about the structure of the human body and its appearance. But, the main thing is records about the life experiences of ancestors in 3-4 generations, their perception and interpretation of life and themselves, passed down by inheritance.

In addition, DNA contains information about the unfulfilled desires of parents and grandparents, their aspirations, which determines the direction of the descendant’s life. The Toychi couple discovered that each individual person is like the upper stage of a multi-stage rocket, launched into a certain orbit even before he was born. This orbit can be changed for the better by understanding and harnessing the hidden driving forces.

Teutsch's ideal method allows you to accurately determine the genetic laws that “get in the way” of living happily, preventing you from achieving what you want, and develop an individual step-by-step program of action to solve any problem, task and achieve success, health, happiness, harmonious relationships and prosperity for everyone, for firms, organizations and countries. Private consultations, seminars, educational cycles have allowed us to obtain successful results over the past 50 years in America, Russia, the CIS countries, Japan, Asia and other regions. The method's clients, and there are hundreds of thousands of them, are business leaders, management, trade, medicine, show business and just housewives. The method allows you to obtain quick and lasting results in complex cases that usually could not be changed by traditional methods.

Health

Our numerous files contain compelling evidence that supposedly organic conditions such as cancer, myocardial infarction, high blood pressure, Parkinson's disease, psoriasis and many others that have not responded to treatment, including surgery, radiation, chemotherapy, drugs, essentially - the logical result of the corresponding genetic code.<…> The perspective that our psychogenetics provides allows us to produce rapid and lasting improvements or remission. (Joel Marie Teutsch, Champion Kurt Teutsch. Article “Victimology: genetic factor” from the book “From Victim to Winner. Victimology.”)

Job

The choice of work, career advancement, and financial situation of an individual are encoded in his DNA. This fact dictates the repetition of the corresponding experience by subsequent generations. <…> Economic victimization can and should be overcome through the application of our methodology. (Champion Kurt Teutsch. Seminar “Business, politics, career - mentality of success” 02/08–10/2000, Moscow.)

Children

Each person has his own special and unique talents, in addition to this, each is a genius in his own direction. A child who is considered retarded according to one test may be considered a genius according to another test. (Joel Marie Teutsch, Champion Kurt Teutsch. “From here to great happiness, or how to improve your life forever!”)

Success

We have come to understand how to solve another important problem of humanity: how to turn losers into winners. <…>The key point is this: we have taught people to thrive, get jobs and be healthy despite lack of chances or economic hardship. (Joel Marie Teutsch, Champion Kurt Teutsch. “From here to great happiness, or how to improve your life forever!”)

Family

Members of the same family may differ in appearance, temperament and interests. Although it is inevitable that the basic characteristics of their consciousness are common. If this is a pattern of harmony and love, then everything is fine. If faith in discord or fear of discord dominates, then quarrels and disappointments are inevitable. <…> The basic pattern of the mind of a group produces the same results for all its members.

(Joel Marie Teutsch, Champion Kurt Teutsch. “From Here to Great Happiness, or How to Improve Your Life Forever!”)

Having first appeared in Russia in 1993 at the invitation of his colleagues, Champion Kurt Teutsch immediately came to the attention of people who wanted to change their lives.

His unique work in the field of genophysics and psychogenetics immediately found its practical application, and its results amazed many people.

That’s why Champion Kurt Teutsch is called a “success coach.”

I was fortunate to study with Dr. C.K. Teutsch in 1996–1998

I am happy to share my knowledge and practice!

Webinars6

Methods of psychogenetics

This is the name for methods that allow us to determine the influence of hereditary factors and the environment on the formation of certain mental characteristics of a person. The main methods of psychogenetics are: population, genealogical, method of adopted children and method of twins.

The twin method is one of the most informative.

It is based on the fact that monozygotic (identical) twins have an identical genotype, while dizygotic (fraternal) twins have a non-identical genotype. At the same time, members of twin pairs of any type should have a similar upbringing environment, then the greater intra-pair similarity of monozygotic twins compared to dizygotic twins may indicate the presence of hereditary influences on the variability of the trait being studied. A significant limitation of this method is that the similarity of the actual psychological characteristics of monozygotic twins may also have a non-genetic origin.

The genealogical method is the study of similarities between relatives in different generations.

This requires accurate knowledge of a number of characteristics of direct relatives on the maternal and paternal lines and coverage of the widest possible range of blood relatives. It is also possible to use data from a sufficient number of different families to reveal similarities in pedigrees. This method is mainly used in medical genetics and anthropology. However, the similarity of generations in terms of psychological characteristics can be explained not only by their genetic transmission, but also by social continuity.

The population method allows us to study the distribution of individual genes or chromosomal abnormalities in human populations.

To analyze the genetic structure of a population, it is necessary to examine a large group of individuals, which must be representative, that is, representative, allowing one to judge the population as a whole. This method is also more informative when studying various forms of hereditary pathology.

• Analysis of the heritability of normal psychological traits -
  this method, taken in isolation from other methods of psychogenetics, does not provide reliable information, because differences between populations in the distribution of a particular psychological trait can be caused by social reasons, customs, etc.
• The adopted children method
  is a comparison of similarities on some psychological basis between a child and his biological parents, on the one hand, and the child and the adoptive parents who raised him, on the other.

The methods require mandatory statistical processing specific to each method. The most informative methods of mathematical analysis require the simultaneous use of at least the first two methods.

Lecture 1. Introduction to psychogenetics

Subject and tasks of psychogenetics. The place of psychogenetics in the study of human personality. The problem of heredity. Development of psychogenetics in world and domestic science (F. Galton, K. Stern, K. D. Ushinsky, A. F. Lazursky, N. P. Dubinin, V. P. Efronmson). Methods of psychogenetics (population, genealogical, method of adopted children, method of twins).

1. concept, subject, tasks and place of PG in the system of other sciences.
2. PG history:

A) GHG global and domestic.

B) history of genetics.

Psychogenetics is a science located at the intersection of genetics and psychology (more precisely, differential psychology), the subject of research of which is the relationship of hereditary and environmental determinants in the interindividual variability of psychological and psychophysiological traits.

Psychogenetics is a branch of psychology that studies the relationship and mutual influence of heredity and environment in the formation of human mental properties (according to Ravich-Scherbo).

The term "psychogenetics" is used in Russia and Germany.

Vogel and Motulsky believed that the definition of human genetics applied to psychogenetics is the science that studies heredity and variability in the most interesting living organisms - human beings.

Genetics is the science of two mechanisms: variability and heredity.

Heredity is the ability of living organisms to transmit a set of characteristics and properties (conservative and unchanged) over a series of generations.

Variability is the ability of living organisms to acquire new characteristics.

The subject of psychogenetics is the relative role and interaction of hereditary and environmental factors in the formation of differences in psychological and psychophysiological characteristics.

The duality of goals is determined by the goals of genetics and psychology.

Goals of genetic research.

The ultimate goal of genetic research is to identify the gene or genes, locate the gene on the chromosomal map, describe the gene, describe the gene product.

The purpose of psychological research.

The ultimate goal of psychological research is to understand the etiology and structure of the trait being analyzed, to clarify the factors influencing this trait, and to clarify those characteristics of the environment that influence the macro- and microfunctioning of this trait.

Objectives of psychogenetics:

1. clarification of the role of heredity and environment in the formation of differences between people according to psychological characteristics.

2. determination of a set of environments that lead to the appearance of the same genotype in different phenotypes (it is not feasible to find a mother who gave birth to 10-20 twins and place them in different environments - in genetics).

3. determination of environmental parameters essential for the development of a particular trait (which affects the development of a child’s IQ - for example, reading books, a computer, the presence of books).

Problems that psychogenetics solves.

1. Etiology of human individuality.

2. Clarification of the structure of human individuality.

3. Clarification of the structure of individual mental functions.

4. Identification of different types of environmental influences.

5. Patterns of ontogenesis, clarification of the dynamics of genotype-environment relationships.

Place among other sciences.

1. Anthropogenesis.

2. Differential psychology.

2. World psychogenetics.

Stage 1 – until 1900

Francis Galton, Charles Darwin.

Galton – test, questionnaire, survey; contributions to fingerprinting; opened an anticyclone. Two hypotheses:

- all men are smarter than women (but it turned out that according to some characteristics, women are smarter).

- outstanding people have gifted children, i.e. pass on their abilities (but the lower classes also have their own talents).

He was the first to explore the role of heredity and environment in human intellectual characteristics.

1865 – article, book “Hereditary talent and character.” He argued that talent, human mental properties and physical characteristics are hereditary. He put forward the idea that it is possible to change the physical and spiritual appearance of a person using biological methods. The foundations of the new science of eugenics (designed to improve the quality of the population) were laid.

1876 ​​- “Hereditary genius: a study of its laws and consequences.” He presented data on the inheritance of talent in the families of prominent people (military affairs, medicine, artists). Consequently, the likelihood of giftedness in the families of outstanding people is higher than in society as a whole (415 families - 1000 gifted people). He identified three degrees of talent: highest, middle and lowest.

1876 ​​- "The History of Twins as a Criterion of Relative Strength, Nature and Nurture" - the twin and genealogical methods were introduced to clarify issues of inheritance of talent. Even then I realized that there are monozygotic and dizygotic. There is an unchangeable part of heredity, and there is a changeable part.

“Essay on Eugenics” - defines this science (deals with all influences that improve the quality of the race). It is necessary to educate the people.

Stage of qualitative characteristics.

Stage 2. – 1900 -1930 (stage of quantitative characteristics).

The work of Fisher, Wright and Pearson, together with Galton, gave rise to this stage - the genetics of quantitative traits.

Statistical methods are emerging. Psychodiagnostics is actively developing. Reliable methods for diagnosing zygosity of twins are emerging. A method is emerging for comparing separately grown monozygotic twins.

They are beginning to conduct research on the genetics of animal behavior.

Stage 3 – 1930 – 1960.

Psychogenetics of intelligence.

Measurement of psychogenetic research of mental defects, psychiatric diseases.

Faller, Thompson, "The Genetics of Behavior."

Stage 4 – 1960 – 90s.

Shifting the emphasis from psychogenetic research to research on temperament, personality traits, motor skills and psychophysiological functions.

Limitations of some methods were discovered (especially in the twin method).

Domestic psychogenetics.

Stage 1 – until 1917

Wolf - he was interested in the collection of freaks. He believed that freaks were beautiful creatures and were created by nature.

Freaks are extreme deviations from the norm, and by understanding them, one can establish the general principles of all development.

Two main questions.

1. What can be passed on to offspring at birth?
2. Can the internal and external improvements acquired through exercise be transferred?

Temperament, almost all diseases, predisposition to illness, human virtues, six-fingeredness can be transmitted.

Wolf made a lot of mistakes. I didn’t understand where hereditary information was stored.

“+” he foresaw that a lot of things are inherited.

What is acquired is also inherited.

Stage 2 – 1917 – 1930

Filipchenko Yu.A.

He was the first to receive a doctorate in genetics.

Tries to answer questions (from Wolf).

1916 – “Heredity”, what characteristics are inherited, but the answer is not given. Goes to eugenics (the science of improving the human race), the founder of which is considered to be F. Galton. “Eugenics is a good science and we should encourage the birth of children not only of gifted children, but of all.” Each parent must decide for themselves whether to give birth to a child with defects. They educated families if they had any abnormalities or abnormalities in their past.

Stage 3 – 1930 – 60s.

There was a defeat of genetics and the science of pedology was banned. Father for several decades. Genetics ceased to exist.

Kanaev "Twins"

Yudovich, Luria “Speech and the development of mental processes in a child.”

Stage 4 – since 1970

The beginning of systematic research in psychogenetics.

The first laboratory is being created - Ravich - Shcherbo (headed until 1993). Based on the laboratory of Teplov and Nebylitsyn.

Population studies were carried out in isolation wards in Dagestan and in villages in Turkmenistan.

Efroimson “Ethics of ethics and aesthetics.”

History of genetics.

Stage 1 – 1900 – 1930

Stage 2 – 1930 – 1953

Stages 1-2 – stages of classical genetics, neoclassicism.

Stage 3 – 1953 – to the present day – the era of molecular (synthetic) genetics.

Until 1900.

G.I. Mendel (1865) - helped his parents in gardening and gardening.

At the age of 10 I was sent to study at a gymnasium (I left and came again due to lack of money). I started giving lessons and earning money.

Didn't finish university (because of money). My sister gave her money (for marriage).

He conducted his experiments in the monastery (at first he crossed rabbits, but he had to give up and began to work on peas - for 8 years, artificially pollinated flowers, counted by hand - as a result he discovered the laws of heredity. No one understood him.

Nothing worked with wheat.

Stage 1

1901 – 1903 – Friean mutation theory.

1902 - 1907 - Wilson, Bovern - substantiated the chromosomal theory of heredity.

1906 - Betson - introduced the name genetics.

1909 – Johansen – introduced the concept; gene, genotype, phenotype.

1910 – 1925 – the chromosomal theory of heredity was created. Vavilov proposes and creates a gene bank.

Stage 2

— the development of domestic genetics has been suspended.

1941 – incompatibility of mother and fetus according to the Rh factor.

1940 – 1953 – solving problems of human genetics.

1953 – discovery of the spatial model of DNA structure (Watson, Krieg, Wilkins).

Stage 3

1954 – proof of the role of infectious diseases in the formation of the human gene pool.

1956 – it was established that there are 46 chromosomes (Tio, Levan)

1959 – the cause of Down syndrome is established, as well as the role of the y chromosome in determining sex.

1970 – all methods for differential chromosome staining appeared.

1972 - a new industry is developed - genetic engineering.

In Western literature, most works use the term “behavior genetics”, and in Russian terminology the term “psychogenetics” is more adequate, because, firstly, the unit of behavior analysis is an act (S.L. Rubinstein, 1956, etc.) , which is not a trait in the genetic sense of the word, and, secondly, the traits studied in psychogenetics (IQ scores, temperament characteristics, etc.) are not “behavior” itself.

Department of Psychogenetics

Phone: 629-58-72

The head of the department is Doctor of Psychology, Corresponding Member of the Russian Academy of Education M.S. Egorova

The Department of Psychogenetics was created in September 2003, is a new division within the Faculty of Psychology, but its staff has many years of experience in this field of knowledge and is firmly connected with the traditions of domestic psychogenetics.

Directions of scientific work

1. Differential psychology is the study of the structure of psychological functions, as well as differences between groups of people (by gender, age, etc.).
2. Psychogenetics is the study of the role of genotype and environment in the formation of differences between people according to psychological characteristics.
3. The psychology of uniqueness is a description of a specific person and an analysis of the diversity of his psychological manifestations.

The main question in the study of individual differences is their origin. Why are people different from each other? Why does a person change with age? Why in some situations does a person not look like “himself”? How are the psychological characteristics of a person influenced by different sources of individual differences - determined by the evolution of our species, determined by a person’s genotype, formed in socio-cultural conditions? The Department of Psychogenetics introduces students to how modern science answers these questions.

Our projects

• Moscow Longitudinal Twin Study
• Children of the new century: socio-pedagogical aspects of the formation of the image of the world in children of senior preschool age
• Genotypic and environmental determinants of aggressive behavior in adolescents
• Social and pedagogical aspects of raising adolescents in a changing society
• Excellent students: conditions for the formation of orientation towards education
• Molecular genetic study of the components of psychological adaptation
• Assortativity as a factor in the formation of individual differences
• Twins and singletons: a comparative analysis of cognitive development
• The formation of individual differences in school performance: the influence of the general environment, the individual environment and prenatal hormones.
• The role of the general and individual environment in the formation of psychological characteristics (sibling analysis)
• The nature of variability in Dark Triad indicators and personality traits

Lecture courses

Teachers of the department have developed lecture courses introducing the current state of differential psychology, psychogenetics and related disciplines.

The main ones:

• Psychogenetics
• Fundamentals of differential psychology
• Psychology of uniqueness: theory and methods of idiographic analysis
• Developmental genetics (ontogenetics)
• Genetics of mental disorders and basics of genetic counseling
• Education and development of children from non-traditional families (twins, children from large families, from migrant families, IVF children)
• Dynamic systems in psychology
• Emotional intelligence: theory, diagnosis, formation

Department staff

• Egorova Marina Sergeevna – head. department, professor, doctor of psychology. Sciences, corresponding member. RAO
• Zyryanova Nadezhda Mikhailovna – associate professor, candidate of psychology. sciences
• Pyankova Svetlana Dmitrievna – associate professor, candidate of psychology. sciences
• Chertkova Yulia Davidovna – associate professor, candidate of psychology. sciences
• Parshikova Oksana Viktorovna – senior lecturer, candidate of psychology. sciences
• Pankratova Alina Aleksandrovna – senior researcher, candidate of psychology. sciences

History of psychogenetics

The history of the development of psychogenetics can be divided into five stages:

1. Development of basic variational and statistical approaches.
2. development of basic methods of psychogenetics - twins, adopted children, methods of correlation and regression analysis, path analysis, etc.
3. Exploring the role of heredity and environment in individual differences in intelligence and mental illness.
4. Improve the methodology of psychogenetics and find new ways of research.
5. develop the Human Genome Project.

The basis for the emergence of psychogenetics as a science was the theory of evolution of Charles Darwin.

Francis Galton is considered the author of the first scientific study on psychogenetics ("Hereditary Genius", 1869) and the founder of psychogenetics.

1. At the first stage (1865-1900s), Galton and his student K. Pearson developed the main variation-statistical approaches to the study of the heredity of quantitative human traits (including psychological ones).

2. At the second stage (until the end of the 1930s), the main methods of psychogenetics were twins, adopted children, methods of correlation and regression analysis, path analysis, etc. — was finally formed thanks to the joint efforts of geneticists, psychologists, and mathematicians. With the development of psychodiagnostics in psychogenetics, the accumulation of factual material began.

3. The third stage (until the end of the 60s) is characterized by extensive development. Factual material is being accumulated. Much attention is paid to studying the role of heredity and environment in individual variability in intelligence and mental illness.

4. At the fourth stage (by the end of the 1980s), psychogenetics again pays significant attention to improving the methodology of science and finding new ways to conduct research. Improvements in information technology have contributed to the use of computer modeling methods. The study of the role of heredity and environment in development, including various types of developmental disorders, is becoming increasingly dominant. Longitudinal studies are becoming increasingly popular, and various aspects of environmental influences are being analyzed in more detail.

5. The fifth phase (from the 1990s to the present) coincides with the intensive development of the human genome project.

The genome is the totality of genetic material contained in the cell of any living organism. A cell is an elementary unit of structure and vital activity of all living organisms (with the exception of viruses, which are often classified as non-cellular forms of life), which has its own metabolism and is capable of independent existence, self-reproduction and development. All tissues of living organisms either consist of many cells, as in multicellular animals, plants and fungi, or are single-celled organisms, as in many protozoa and bacteria.

The genome contains the biological information necessary to create and maintain an organism. Most genomes, including the human genome and the genomes of all other cellular life forms, are made of DNA, but some viruses have genomes made of RNA.

There is also another definition of the term “genome”, in which the genome is understood as the totality of the genetic material of the haploid set of chromosomes of a given species.

The haploid set (Greek gaploos - one, eidos - species) is the normal number of chromosomes in each gamete (in humans it is 23, until recently it was believed to be 24).

Gametes are reproductive cells that have a haploid (single) set of chromosomes and participate in gametic, especially sexual, reproduction.

Eukaryotes, or cores, are a region (superset) of living organisms whose cells contain a nucleus.

All organisms, with the exception of prokaryotes (bacteria and archaea), are nucleated.

The emergence of a new branch of science

The history of psychogenetics began in England. The founder of psychogenetics is the English scientist Francis Galton. As the founder of psychogenetics, Galton was the first to conduct research in the field of personality. He managed to collect a huge amount of material, he created measurement procedures and analyses.

Galton was the first to pose the question for the entire scientific community: “How, through what means do individual characteristics appear?” He was the first to try to solve it.

His thoughts also interested other scientists, who also began to conduct research and analyze the people around them. What were their results and conclusions?

The genetic code embedded in us determines our life path even before we are born! Everything is predetermined: behavior patterns in certain situations, and our development prospects - all this is already in us from the very beginning! The entire centuries-old experience of ancestors, their signs and characteristics are stored in the DNA molecule.

We recommend: Personalization: definition of the concept

That is, each of us has our own life path, which has already been laid out and paved by heredity, regardless of our conscious reactions. Our direction vector influences:

• Success.
• Behavior.
• Health.

Briefly about psychogenetics

Psychogenetics is a very precise science that is at the intersection of genetics, physics, philology, medicine and psychology, confirmed by hundreds of thousands of practical studies and examples in many countries around the world.

According to Timofeev-Ressovsky, “everything can be inherited...”. Therefore, by studying the history of the family, i.e., by drawing up a family tree, it is possible to calculate and show the client what hereditary predispositions and patterns exist in all spheres of life: health, personal life, relationships with a partner, at work, with money, with power structures etc. Even before a person’s birth, the genetic code determines the inherited biological and physiological characteristics of the body, predisposition to certain diseases, and most interestingly, most of the prospects for his life and the basic models of thinking, character and behavior. Analyzing the history of a person’s clan, one can see patterns repeating from generation to generation - the laws of the clan. That. We calculate the algorithm that a person unconsciously follows and develop a strategy for modifying and transforming an undesirable behavior pattern into an effective one.

For example, a girl’s great-grandfather died during the Civil War, one grandfather died during the Great Patriotic War, another went missing, her father drinks and walks. We fix a constant - the departure of men (to death, to alcohol, to another woman, etc.). It turns out that a girl, due to her family history, is predisposed to losing a man (partner, spouse, friend) on a subconscious (genetic) level. She will marry at least three hundred times, but the men will leave, disappear or disappear until she realizes that the reason for her “failures” is hidden in herself. She needs to understand the hereditary pattern of losing men and modify (transform, transform) into the opposite. Then the client’s problem in the area of ​​family life is solved.

Another example: if there were repressed or dispossessed ancestors in the family, then patterns of loss of acquired property are passed down through generations (defaults, bank collapses, deception, theft, non-payment of debts or wages, failure to fulfill contracts, etc.). The algorithm remains the same, and the scenery changes, but the essence is still the same - property is “taken away”.

In my practice, there were several unique cases when the descendants of the repressed had their businesses fail several times: a woman and her common-law husband had several stores and points of sale on the market. And they remained at a loss. They had been in car accidents more than once, and someone suggested that they contact a pychogenetics specialist. It turned out that the woman’s great-grandfather was a White Guard general, who at one point got tired of fighting with his people, he left the army and returned to his estate to his family. But when the Reds came to the estate, they cut the general with a saber in front of his wife and children. And when creating a family tree, it was revealed that in the next three generations, women gave birth to children from some men, and married others. The law of the clan was harsh: one’s own father could be destroyed with his wife and children. What seems bad to us actually saves us. That. life protected the lives of men, “not allowing them to live with their own children and wives.” The most interesting thing is that this woman attracted a common-law husband, whose children also had stepfathers, not fathers, for several generations. I had to work in two directions: if possible, to live safe and sound with my beloved husband and children, and, because... they took away the general’s estate, wealth, horses, all awards and other property, it is clear why his great-granddaughter’s business did not develop. After a step-by-step program of consciousness retraining, the woman registered with her common-law husband and set up her own business, which began to generate good income.

Men also address the issue of resolving their personal lives. Surprisingly, men get the desired results faster and more effectively.

So, awareness of genetic patterns, undesirable family patterns of behavior (for example, alcoholism repeated from generation to generation, unhappy marriage, lack of money), combined with the development and implementation of a clear plan of practical action to overcome these patterns, allows a person to change his life for the better.

A psychogenetics specialist, first of all, helps people gain self-confidence, overcome unwanted behavior patterns, get rid of the genetic code contained in DNA molecules, and also show ways to solve problems of any complexity. Therefore, our work is akin to the work of a detective: collecting data, comparing them and - deep, scrupulous, delicate analysis.

A person, knowing his genogram, receives the “key” to solving any problems. individual work begins , now requiring the client’s understanding and systematic, consciously guided activity.

Applied benefits and research methods

Of course, psychogenetics does not give an exact percentage or guarantee of genius. Moreover, science does not allow genes to be manipulated to “improve the breed.” But it helps solve problems in different areas of life:

• Difficulties in learning, reading, writing.
• Problems of the psycho-emotional sphere (possibility of manifestation of mental disorders).
• Tolerance to alcoholism, obesity and other addictions.
• Predisposition to psychosomatic diseases.
• Heritability of educational achievement.
• Opportunities to change the learning environment so that the child can choose and develop his talents.

Methods for studying the unique relationship, mutual influence, correlation of biological and social in a particular person:

• Genealogical. The family research method is based on simple logic: the closer the relationship, the more traits are inherited. Mainly used in medicine and anthropology.
• Population. Studies the distribution of chromosomal abnormalities in human populations, taking into account migration, global disasters, and financial crises.
• Adopted children. This social experiment studies the development of children adopted into other families. Genetic similarity to biological parents and adoptive parents is studied as an indicator of environmental influence.
• Twin. This unique biological experiment evaluates the relationship between the role of environment and heredity in the formation of normal and pathological characteristics. Helps to identify the heredity of talent, character traits, habits, and also to track the influence of external factors (upbringing, training, treatment).

In addition to those listed, statistical, mathematical, molecular genetic, and cytogenetic methods are used.

Psychogenetics proves: genetics and environment play a huge role, but in themselves they are not a death sentence. Everything that happens to us - studying, changing jobs, quarrels, breakups - are not passive events. This is all our environment that interacts with the genetic code. Knowledge of the specific DNA code responsible for bad habits does not allow it to be corrected. But it is possible to predict problems and change the environment so as to prevent the emergence of a bad habit. And this is the power of the knowledge of the science of psychogenetics.

Setting goals

What challenges do scientists face? What does psychogenetics conceal? The main and main task of psychogenetics is to track and identify causes, both genetic and those that arose due to the influence of the surrounding world, as a result of which differences in people are formed.

Modern psychogenetic research focuses more on the dependence of the results of children's intelligence testing on the quality of the level of the environment where the child lives and the quality of education he receives. Which factor still has a greater influence on the development of a child? Psychogenetics studies how books, computer games, and music influence the formation of temperament and the level of intelligence development

We recommend: Choosing a life path

Thus, the subject of psychogenetics research is nothing more than a person’s character, which is formed through the influence of the external environment and heredity. This is the main subject of psychogenetics.

Individual differences are also the subject of psychogenetics. Scientists are especially interested in the differences between people in a single family; they compare not different races, but rather people in whose veins the same blood flows.

Literature

• Gemini: textbook. manual for universities. Zyryanova N. M. - M.: Soliton, 2006.
• Genotype. Wednesday. Development: monograph. Egorova M. S., Zyryanova N. M., Parshikova O. V., Pyankova S. D., Chertkova Yu. D. - M.: OGI, 2004.
• Methods of psychogenetics: textbook. manual for universities. Pankratova A. A. - M.: Soliton, 2006.
• Peculiarities of educational activity of twins: textbook. manual for universities. Zyryanova N. M. - M.: Soliton, 2006.
• Psychogenetics. Textbook for universities. Malykh S. B., Egorova M. S., Meshkova T. A. - St. Petersburg: Peter, 2008, vol. 1. 406 pp., vol.2. 336 pp.
• Psychogenetics: Textbook. Alexandrov A. A. - St. Petersburg, 2007. - 192 p.: ill. — (Tutorial Series) ISBN 5-94723-662-1
• Psychogenetics. Textbook. I. V. Ravich-Shcherbo, T. M. Maryutina, E. L. Grigorenko. Ed. I. V. Ravich-Scherbo - M.; Aspect Press, 2000. - 447 p.
• Psychogenetics: theory, methodology, experiment. Malykh S. B. - M.: Epidavr, 2004. - 414 p.
• Psychological essays about twins. Semenov V.V., Kochubey B.I., Egorova M.S., Zyryanova N.M., Pyankova S.D. - M.: Questions of Psychology, 2003.