general information
Let's turn to the most important legislative document - the Constitution. According to it, the state assumes responsibility for providing its citizens with basic needs. These include food, education, work, housing, health, protection from external and internal threats, and so on. Therefore, everything that works to accomplish this task is a socially significant object.
It should be noted that when these words are used in relation to a problem, this means that it worries not just one person, but at least a significant part of society. As an example, we can cite low pensions, high crime rates, and so on. Among the objects of interest to us (within the framework of this article) are those that have a certain social significance, since they provide human needs for vital services, products and goods:
- Facilities of healthcare, social security, education.
- Consumer market, retail trade, catering and consumer services establishments.
- Objects of culture, leisure and physical culture.
- Credit and financial organizations, housing and communal services enterprises, funeral and funeral service companies.
As you can see, quite a lot of different organizations and institutions can lay claim to the title “socially significant”.
Classification
How is the division into separate types carried out? To do this, grouping by similar parameters is used. What if we have to talk about people? Then socially significant qualities are of great importance. As an example, consider the teacher training process. After all, these are important specialists on whose activities the future of society depends. Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that they have all the qualities and skills necessary for the job.
Resolving internal conflicts
Often, conflict between roles leads to internal rivalry, which takes up a lot of time and energy. For example, during a natural disaster, a rescuer will first go to help his own family, adhering to the role of parent and spouse. Only after making sure his family is safe does it come time to serve.
The same applies to dealers selling alcohol or other drugs. As a parent, he does not want his child to be poisoned by this filth, but as a businessman, he cannot resist the sweet call of profit. Types of social status differ in the significance they have for their owner. The most important thing is to choose the role that is the main one at the moment, thereby eliminating the underlying internal contradictions that arise.
Example of social qualities
So, the teacher must be able to:
- Organize the process of raising school-age children, as well as activities that are aimed at increasing their adaptive capabilities, developing the ability to interact constructively at the interpersonal level.
- Carry out consulting and educational work with parents in order to cooperate in the process of raising a child.
- To quickly solve pedagogical problems, which requires knowledge not only of rules and laws, but also a significant amount of improvisation and creativity.
- Build interpersonal relationships constructively.
Notes
- Yuskan, Marten (2018). Sound change, priming, salience: the production and perception of variation in Liverpudlian English
. Berlin: Language Science Press. paragraph 41. ISBN 9783961101207. - MacArthur, Leslie Zebrowitz; Ginsberg, Eliza (December 1981). "Causal attribution of salient stimuli." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin
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7
(4):547–553. Doi:10.1177/014616728174004. ISSN 0146-1672. - ^ a b
Ratz, Peter (2013).
The Importance of Sociolinguistics: A Quantitative Approach
. Berlin/Boston: Walter de Gruyter. item 1. ISBN 9783110304329. - Blumenthal-Drame, Alice; Khanulikova Adriana; Kortmann, Bernd (2017). Perceptual linguistic salience: Modeling causes and consequences
. Laussan: Frontiers Media SA. pp. 61–62. ISBN 9782889451777. - Robbins, Jordan M.; Krueger, Joachim I. (2005). "Social Projection to Ingroups and Outgroups: A Review and Meta-Analysis." Review of Personality and Social Psychology
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9
(1): 32–47. CiteSeerX 10.1.1.470.8102. Doi:10.1207/s15327957pspr0901_3. ISSN 1088-8683. PMID 15745863. - Robinson, Janet; MacArthur, Leslie Z. (1982). "The influence of salient vocal qualities on causal attributions of speaker behavior." Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
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43
(2):236–247. Doi:10.1037/0022-3514.43.2.236. ISSN 0022-3514. - WALTHER, JOSEPH B.; ANDERSON, JEFFREY F.; PARKE, DAVID W. (August 1994). "Interpersonal effects in computer interaction." Communication Studies
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21
(4): 460–487. Doi:10.1177/009365094021004002. ISSN 0093-6502. - Kemp, Andrew H.; Guastella, Adam J. (August 8, 2011). "The role of oxytocin in human affect". Modern trends in psychological science
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20
(4): 222–231. Doi:10.1177/0963721411417547. - Burke, Brian L.; Martens, Andy; Faucher, Eric H. (January 22, 2010). "Two Decades of Terrorism Management Theory: A Meta-Analysis of Mortality Significance Research." Review of Personality and Social Psychology
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14
(2): 155–195. Doi:10.1177/1088868309352321. ISSN 1088-8683. PMID 20097885.
What is a social project?
This is the name given to an open space where interaction between different people who do not intersect in ordinary life can take place. Socially significant projects contribute to their unification to solve a specific problem. Participants in the process can be both public institutions and individuals or their association. If we develop the previously mentioned situation with teachers, we can consider, as an example, the work of libraries, orphanages or development centers, and so on. Thus, such a socially significant project can work in the following directions:
- Through the efforts of students and teaching staff, organize and conduct festive and entertainment events for children of university employees, in schools, kindergartens, and so on.
- Provide consultations and assist parents with children in solving problems.
- Student teachers can try their hand at teaching students while still at university and see how they can engage their students.
During such projects, it is possible to check the totality of socially significant qualities that one specific person possesses. Based on observation, the student can be given recommendations regarding his work and direction of activity.
How to write a term paper on speech therapy
07.09.2010 257568
These guidelines are compiled to help students gain an understanding of the content and structure of coursework in speech therapy.
Logopedia of pedagogical science that studies anomalies of speech development with normal hearing, explores the manifestations, nature and mechanisms of speech disorders, develops the scientific basis for overcoming and preventing them means of special training and education.
The subject of speech therapy as a science is speech disorders and the process of training and education of persons with speech disorders.
The object of study is a person suffering from a speech disorder.
The main task of speech therapy as a science is the study, prevention and elimination of various types of speech disorders.
Coursework in speech therapy is a student's scientific and experimental research. This type of educational activity, provided for by the educational and professional program and curriculum, contributes to the acquisition of skills in working with literature, analyzing and summarizing literary sources in order to determine the range of insufficiently studied problems, determining the content and methods of experimental research, processing skills and qualitative analysis of the results obtained. The need to complete coursework in speech therapy is due to the updating of knowledge concerning the content, organization, principles, methods and techniques of speech therapy work.
As a rule, during their studies, students must write two term papers - theoretical and practical.
The first course work should be devoted to the analysis and synthesis of general and specialized literature on the chosen topic. Based on this analysis, it is necessary to justify and develop a method of ascertaining (diagnostic) experiment.
In the second course work, it is necessary to provide an analysis of the results obtained during the ascertaining experiment, as well as determine the directions and content of speech therapy work, and select adequate methods and techniques of correction.
So, let’s present the general requirements for the content and design of coursework in speech therapy.
The initial and most important stage of working on a course project is the choice of a topic, which is either proposed by the supervisor or chosen by the student independently from a list of topics that are consistent with the areas of scientific research of the department.
Each topic can be modified, considered in different aspects, but taking into account a theoretical and practical approach. Having chosen a topic, the student needs to think through in detail its specific content, areas of work, practical material, etc., which should be reflected both in the formulation of the topic and in the further construction of the study. It should be recalled that the chosen topic may not only have a purely theoretical orientation, for example: “Dysarthria. Characteristics of the defect”, “Classification of dysgraphia”, but also take into account the practical significance of the problem under consideration, for example: “Speech therapy work on speech correction for dysarthria”. It should also be taken into account that when formulating a topic, excessive detail should be avoided, for example: “Formation of prosodic components of speech in preschoolers of the sixth year of life attending a preschool institution for children with severe speech impairments.”
The course work includes such mandatory parts as: introduction, three chapters, conclusion, bibliography and appendix.
The text of the term paper begins with the title page . An example of its design can be seen here.
Then the content of the work is given, in which the names of chapters, paragraphs, and sections are formulated in strict accordance with the content of the thesis. An example of its design can be seen here.
In the text, each subsequent chapter and paragraph begins on a new page. At the end of each chapter, the materials are summarized and conclusions are formulated.
The introduction reveals the relevance of the problem under consideration in general and the topic being studied in particular; the problem, subject, object, and purpose of the study are defined. In accordance with the goal and hypothesis, objectives and a set of research methods aimed at achieving the objectives must be defined.
The relevance of the topic lies in reflecting the current level of pedagogical science and practice, meeting the requirements of novelty and usefulness.
When defining the research problem, it is important to indicate what practical tasks it will help to implement in training and educating people with speech pathology.
The object of research is understood as certain aspects of pedagogical reality, perceived through a system of theoretical and practical knowledge. The ultimate goal of any research is to improve this object.
The subject of research is some part, property, element of an object, i.e. the subject of research always indicates a specific aspect of the object that is to be studied and about which the researcher wants to gain new knowledge. An object is a part of an object.
You can give an example of the formulation of the object, subject and problem of research:
– The object of the study is the speech activity of preschool children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders.
– The subject of the study is the features of intonation speech of children with phonetic-phonemic speech disorders.
– The research problem is to determine effective directions for speech therapy work on the formation of intonation expressiveness of speech in the system of correctional intervention.
The purpose of the study contributes to the specification of the object being studied. The goal of any research is to solve a specific problem. The goal is specified in tasks taking into account the subject of research.
The research objectives are formulated in a certain sequence, which determines the logic of the research. The research objectives are set on the basis of a theoretical analysis of the problem and an assessment of the state of its solution in practice.
The first chapter is an analysis of literary sources, which examines the state of this problem in historical and modern aspects, and presents the most important theoretical principles that formed the basis of the study.
When writing the first chapter, you should pay attention to the fact that the text of the course work must be written in a scientific style. When presenting scientific material, it is necessary to comply with the following requirements:
– Specificity – a review of only those sources that are necessary to disclose only a given topic or solve only a given problem;
– Clarity – which is characterized by semantic coherence and integrity of individual parts of the text;
– Logicality – which provides for a certain structure of presentation of the material;
– Reasoning – evidence of thoughts (why this and not otherwise);
– Precision of wording, excluding ambiguous interpretation of the authors’ statements.
A literary review of the state of the problem being studied should not be reduced to a consistent presentation of literary sources. It should present a generalized description of the literature: highlight the main directions (currents, concepts, points of view), analyze in detail and evaluate the most fundamental works of representatives of these directions.
When writing a work, the student must correctly use literary materials, make references to the authors and sources from which the results of scientific research are borrowed. Failure to provide required references will reduce your coursework grade.
As a rule, in coursework on speech therapy, references to literary sources are formatted as follows: the number of the cited source in the general list of references is placed in square brackets. For example: General speech underdevelopment is a speech pathology in which there is a persistent lag in the formation of all components of the language system: phonetics, vocabulary and grammar [17].
When using quotations, in square brackets, in addition to indicating the source number, the page number from which this excerpt is taken is indicated, for example: Speech rhythm is based on a physiological and intellectual basis, since, firstly, it is directly related to the rhythm of breathing. Secondly, being an element that performs a communicative function, “correlates with meaning, i.e. controlled intellectually” [23, P.40].
However, course work should not be of a purely abstract nature, so you should not abuse the unreasonable abundance of citations. Quoting should be logically justified, convincing and used only when really necessary.
In the second chapter , devoted to experimental research, the organization should be described and the program of the ascertaining experiment should be presented. The survey methodology, as a rule, consists of a description of several series of tasks, with detailed instructions, visual and lexical material, the procedure for completing tasks by experiment participants, and scoring criteria. This chapter also provides a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the results obtained.
When analyzing the results of an experiment, it is necessary to use a scoring system. Examples of various criteria for quantitative and qualitative assessment are presented in the following works:
– Glukhov V.P. Formation of coherent speech in preschool children with general speech underdevelopment. - M.: Arkti, 2002. - 144 p.
– Fotekova T.A. Test methodology for diagnosing oral speech of primary schoolchildren. - M.: Arkti, 2000. - 56 p.
– Levchenko I.Yu. Pathopsychology: Theory and practice. - M.: Academy, 2000. - 232 p.
In order to visually present the results obtained during the experimental study, it is recommended to use tables, graphs, diagrams, etc. Histograms can be used in a variety of ways - columnar, cylindrical, planar, volumetric, etc. An example of the design of tables, figures, and histograms can be found here.
The third chapter provides a rationale for the proposed methods and techniques and reveals the content of the main stages of correctional work.
The conclusion contains a summary of the material presented and the main conclusions formulated by the author.
The bibliography must contain at least 25 sources. The list includes bibliographic information about the sources used in preparing the work. An example of its design can be seen here.
In the application you can present bulky tables or illustrations, examination protocols, observation records, products of activity (drawings, written works of children), notes from speech therapy classes, etc.
The volume of one course work must be at least 30 pages of typewritten text.
In general, coursework in speech therapy is the basis for a future thesis, in which the study of the begun problem can be continued, but from the standpoint of a different approach or a comparative analysis of the disorders being studied in different age categories of people with different types of speech disorders.
The content and format of theses in speech therapy can be found here.
Literature:
1. How to write a term paper on speech therapy: Methodological recommendations. Educational and methodological manual / Comp. Artemova E.E., Tishina L.A. / Ed. Orlova O.S. – M.: MGOPU, 2008. – 35 p.
2. Research work of students in the system of higher professional pedagogical education (specialty 031800 - Speech therapy). Methodological recommendations for completing the thesis / Compiled by. L.V. Lopatina, V.I. Lipakova, G.G. Golubeva. - St. Petersburg: Publishing house of the Russian State Pedagogical University named after. A. I. Herzen, 2002. - 140 p.
Socially significant topics
This is the name given to certain issues that concern a significant number of people. So, if a tooth hurts, this is an individual person’s problem. But if the country’s dental industry is in decline, then this is a disadvantage for the entire country. Then socially significant organizations begin to deal with such topics. These can be considered an association of dentists or a movement for high-quality medicine. Another indicator of the importance of the topic is regularly occurring discussions, conflicts, and so on. As an example, we can recall corruption. Everyone has a negative attitude towards her (at least in words), they want her to disappear - but this still does not happen. Therefore, discussions about this phenomenon are raging, and very often they develop into furious skirmishes and mutual accusations. Well, who knows, perhaps this is just a kind of show, a performance to distract the people.
Criteria for the formation of social status
A person's social status is determined in connection with his internal value system and by comparing his “achievements” with the status of other people. A person can tell a lot about his financial situation (rich or poor), career, lifestyle, relationships with other people, education, political beliefs and innate parameters (gender, nationality and race, appearance, character, etc.). Based on these factors, a person can be assigned several statuses at the same time.
However, how a person is perceived by others and how he perceives himself are two different things, but they can overlap. For example, a person from an aristocratic or wealthy family may find it inappropriate to use public transport. Representatives of lower social strata will consider this a sign of snobbery, even if the person initially did not attach such importance to his attitude. A person is able to perceive his status based on his lifestyle, that is, an aristocrat is not a deliberately bad and rude person, he is simply accustomed to a certain lifestyle. Social circle and level of education also greatly influence a person’s perception of his position in society.
High social status in modern society is based on five main criteria: income, wealth, education, power and prestige. In principle, these criteria have always played an important role in a person’s life, but previously a sixth point could be added to the origin. Today, to occupy a high place in the social hierarchy, you do not have to be blue-blooded.
Motivation
So, a person can take part in something socially significant and important. Motivation is the basis of his activities. It can express a wide range of needs: for self-realization, for communication, for using one’s leadership potential, and so on. Moreover, participation can be expressed in a significant range of actions, ranging from brute force work to value-oriented manifestations. It should be noted that motivational activity that is not supported by a deep-seated need is, as a rule, situational, short-lived and can easily cease to exist. Thanks to this, one can observe a large number of various initiatives that were abandoned even before they were brought to completion. The difficulties of implementation contributed a lot to this.
Role conflict
When a person occupies a high position in one group and is at the bottom of the hierarchical ladder in another, conflict is inevitable. It can be internal, when a person experiences discomfort in silence, or it can develop into confrontation with colleagues. Examples of role conflict are common, such as when an older person is an errand boy for a younger boss. Or when this boss is on vacation with friends who treat him with a certain contempt, not at all like his subordinates.
If a man's social status is high, he will try by all means to maintain it. Of course, there will always be people who are not satisfied with their position and want to rise higher and gain greater significance in society. This creates competition within the group, which allows the strongest and fittest members of society to make their way to the top.
