Emotions are almost the most important thing in a person and inherent only to him. It is a mental state associated with the nervous system, caused by chemical changes that are variously associated with thoughts, feelings, behavioral responses and degrees of pleasure or displeasure.
There is currently no precise scientific definition. Emotions are often intertwined with mood, temperament, personality, character and motivation. They add color to our lives, describing feelings of sadness, joy, loneliness, fun and others.
What are emotions - definition and meaning
Human emotions are a mental process that arises in accordance with current situations.
The manifestation of emotions can be of different directions, and have both negative and positive connotations. This depends on the subjective evaluative opinion of each person. In simple language, emotions can be called the possibility of manifestation of experiences in the soul due to any situation. Translated from Latin, this word means “wave” or “shock.”
Thus, this is a certain process in which a person is not in a neutral state: he evaluates the situation with a certain sense of experience.
This condition overtakes a person from the inside. Externally the following signs appear:
- facial expressions;
- gestures and body position;
- voice;
- general behavior.
For example, you slipped on the street. In such a situation, many thoughts instantly arise in a person’s head: “How slippery! Now my leg hurts! You'll have to go to the emergency room.
Why do I even live in a country where there is winter?!” After assessing what happened, you will have a choice: silently keep your resentment and irritation to yourself, or lash out at some person, and it doesn’t matter whether you know him or not. Thanks to emotions, something special appears in our lives, motivating us to live.
Gray everyday life is brightened up with various feelings. Emotions help us live. Without them, human life would be like a robot's existence. Feelings are what distinguishes us from other creatures and objects.
Emotions. What it is?
In psychology, emotions are characterized as a mental process of medium duration, which conveys a subjective evaluative attitude towards existing or possible situations.
Only a developed personality with a strong character and powerful motivation is able to control his emotions, correctly express and understand his feelings.
Do you think that emotions are a “medium-duration process”?
Not always. If it's on average, yes. For example, I can be angry for a short time, but love for a very long time. Fair? Yes.
18.18%
Absolutely. Especially in our time, when any emotion is more often fake than sincere. I think that all emotions are moderately fake and moderately long-lasting.
45.45%
Don't think. My emotions grip me very strongly, I cannot get rid of some for weeks and even months.
36.36%
Voted: 11
Emotions and feelings are different from each other
Emotions and feelings are an integral part of personality.
Thanks to emotions, people can distinguish good from bad and create amazing pictures, songs, or stories. Emotional richness makes our lives varied and interesting. Without emotions and feelings, a person will not be able to love and regret. All our feelings and emotions can sometimes cause the desire to act irrationally. Very often, feelings and emotions are used interchangeably. This is partly true, but there are some differences between these definitions:
- Emotions tend to last a short amount of time. For example, you bought a car that you have been wanting to buy for a long time. You will be happy for a while. Perhaps even the whole day. But gradually the emotion will subside, and you will begin to use your imagination and dream about something else. If it concerns a negative key, for example, if someone steps on your foot, you will become angry, but you will soon be able to forget about this incident, since there is no serious threat to your health;
- Feelings are long-term. They are also called emotions that arise in a person over a long period of time. For example, you can show the emotion of love for your child from the moment he is born. Or spend your entire life being angry at the person who broke your heart. In these cases, love and anger have been present in a person’s life for a very long time, this fact makes them feelings.
Emotions can become feelings. If we talk about the spectrum of positive emotions, then there is nothing bad. Chronic joy is not a disease. However, when people keep negative images within themselves for a long time, they begin to destroy themselves from the inside, which is very harmful to the spiritual and physical state of a person.
This can lead to apathy and depression. This happens due to the fact that at some point in time we did not allow the emotion to come out. For example, if a person at school age was offended by a classmate and he could not do anything to him, in the depths of his soul, unexpressed emotions will be deposited. They will make him remember this situation again and again in his thoughts, and he will become more irritated.
Don't keep all your emotions inside. Everything you feel has strong energy that can harm your health. To prevent this from happening, you need to show your emotions. When expressing your feelings, remember that your actions may harm your loved ones or people around you, so try to respond to situations within the bounds of accepted decency
Emotions must be brought out and not kept inside, because negative emotions can significantly ruin a person’s life. Negative emotions that a person experiences for a long time can provoke a depressive state. A strong blow to the nervous system will cause great damage to health and cause emotional instability.
Why do people need emotions (the main functions of emotions)
Signal. Perhaps the most important function. Its essence is to express a person’s desire. It helps to understand what a person wants at a given time. Thanks to it, a person can build his future steps.
Motivational-regulating. In many ways similar to the signal one. Its difference is that it helps to build a plan of steps for the long term, while the signal one helps to make a decision immediately in a stressful situation.
Communicative. Of course, emotions play an important role in communication. Thanks to them, we can see what mood our interlocutor is in. We will be able to clearly see emotions such as sadness or anger and, based on the information received, we will understand how to build communication.
Protective. In some situations, emotions can save us from any external influences. For example, fear and cowardice will take us away from a dangerous place and save our lives and nerve cells.
Emotions largely depend on the person and his thoughts. If he thinks about positive things, then he will not be tormented by negative feelings. And if a person is fixated on the bad, then he will perceive everything bad that happens around him personally.
Lyubov Bogdanova
Scientists have many approaches - to the topic of stress, to the topic of emotions, feelings, psychology, personal growth, self-development, energy, etc. and so on…. I try not to overload you with theoretical polemics. If you want to know about all points of view, the whole world is available to you to receive information.
1. Fear and its derivatives (that is, feelings that are essentially forms of fear, but less intense): fear, fear, excitement, guilt, shame, anxiety, anxiety.
2. Anger and its derivatives: anger, anger, irritation, resentment, hatred, rage.
3. Joy and its derivatives: joy, fun, delight.
4. Sadness and its derivatives: sadness, sadness, regret, disappointment.
You can print it out and carry it with you in a pocket notebook to keep a diary of emotions.
Fear, horror, anxiety, uncertainty, worry, surprise, confusion, puzzlement, dumbfounded, excitement, confusion, anger, rage, revenge, hatred, anger, indignation, irritation, resentment, annoyance, disgust, jealousy, envy, dissatisfaction, impatience, sadness, despair, bitterness, abandonment, loneliness, helplessness, boredom, fatigue, disappointment, depression, regret, joy, delight, tenderness, inspiration, satisfaction, gratitude, revitalization, elation, passion, relief, peace, tranquility.
There are lists and even more. Undeniable, perhaps. But it gives a lot of food for thought about yourself. And most importantly - for the growth of awareness. I numbered it simply out of curiosity - there are 155 positions in this list.
1. Apathy 2. Ambition 3. Hopelessness 4. Security 5. Indifference 6. Anxiety 7. Helplessness 8. Powerlessness 9. Frenzy 10. Gratitude 11. Bliss 12. Intimacy 13. Pain 14. Fear 15. Vigor 16. Disgust 17. Riot 18. Inspiration 19. Fun 20. Excetness 21. Wine 22. Loveliness 23. Lust 24. Excitement 25. Exitivation 26. Outgoing 27. Enjoyment 28. delight 29. admiration 30. hostility 31. Higherness 32. Mastenness 33. Anger 34. Anger 34. Pride 35. Pride 36. Grief 37. Sadness 38. Duality 39. Trust 40. Annoyance 41. Dignity 42. Contentment 43. Unity 44. Greed 45. Pity 46. Self-pity 47. Creepy 48. Envy 49. Isolation 50 Shyness 51. Schadenfreude 52. Anger 53. Interest 54. Irony 55. Fear 56. Affectionate 57. Lightness 58. Jubilation 59. Love 60. Curiosity 61. Vengeance 62. Torment 63. Hope 64. Arrogance 65. Tension 66. Enjoyment 67. Mockery 68. Crazy 69. Distrust 70. Dissatisfaction 71. Perplexity 72. Nonness 73. Tenderness 74. Employment 75. Hatred 76. Hatibility 77. Indecision 78. Intelligence 79. Intelligence 80. Intelligence 81. worthlessness 82. Nonality 83. Nonality 83. Resentment 84. Relief 85. Doom 86. Community 87. Loneliness 88. Bitterness 89. Animation 90. Puzzle 91. Disgust 92. Apprehension 93. Emptiness 94. Rejection 95. Disgust 96. Detachment 97. Despair 98. Numbness 99. Dazed 100 Panic 101. Sadness 102. Depression 103. Support 104. Suspicion 105. Peace 106. Gratitude 107. Elation 108. Protest 109. Indifference 110. Joy 111. Cordiality 112. Irritation 113. Confusion 114. Jealousy 115. Shyness 116. Sarcasm 117. Cordiality 118. Sympathy 119. Sorrow 120. Boredom 121. Humility 122. Confusion 123. Confusion 124. Condolence 125. Doubt 126. Empathy 127. Calm 128. Compassion 129. Compassion 130. Sympathy 131. Passion 1 32. Fear 133. Shame 134. Happiness 135. Solemnity 136. Melancholy 137. Anxiety 138. Heaviness 139. Respect 140. Confidence 141. Passion 142. Surprise 143. Satisfaction 144. Pleasure 145. Horror 146. Peace 147. Humiliation 148. U whining 149. Rapture 150 Flawedness 151. Vulnerability 152. Frustration 153. Shock 154. Euphoria 155. Rage
Excitement, gambling /// Accuracy /// Activity, active /// Greed (parts) /// Altruism /// Ambivalence /// Antipathy (parts) /// Apatitia /// Appetite / // Artistry /// Carelessness /// Lack of will, lack of will /// Carelessness (s) /// Defenselessness /// Obscurity /// Lack of initiative /// Serenity /// Hopelessness (s) /// Safety /// Irresponsibility (s) /// Indifference (s) (s) /// Madness (s) /// Inconsolability /// Indifference (s) (s) ) /// Lack of initiative /// Hopelessness /// Thrift /// Unselfishness, (-ness) /// Anxiety (-ness) (-ness) (-th) /// Uselessness (-th) /// Helplessness (-th) /// Impartiality (-th) /// Heartlessness (-th) (-th) /// Powerlessness (-th) /// Meaninglessness /// Vapidity (-th) /// Dispassion (- (-ness) from Passion /// Fearlessness (-ness) (-ness) from Fear /// Aimlessness /// Insensitivity (-ness) (-ness) /// Frenzy /// Awe /// Gratitude (-th) /// Well-being /// Nobility /// Benevolence /// Goodness /// Bliss (-th) /// Myopia /// Proximity /// Cheerfulness (-th) /// Combat (s) comp. /// Divinity (s) /// Soreness (sickness) /// Talkativeness /// Pain /// Fearfulness, cowardice /// Disgust /// Abandonment (s) /// Grouchiness /// Rebellion /// Importance /// Inspiration /// Politeness /// Generosity, (s), (s) /// Splendor (s) /// greatness /// Loyalty /// Fun /// Excited /// Quarrelsomeness /// Guilt, Blame /// Involvement /// Power, Imperious (-loving), Power h. /// Attraction /// / Falling in love /// Attention /// Attentiveness /// Lust /// Excitement (-ness) (-th) /// Sublimity (-th) /// Indignation (-ness), (-th. ) (indignation) /// Militant (-ness) /// Excitement, agitation /// Will /// Inspiration /// Grumpiness /// Admiration (-ness) /// Hostility (-ness), Enemy , Hostility parts /// Harmfulness /// Hot temper (-th) /// Anxiety (-th) /// Corrosiveness (-th) /// Defiant behavior, challenge /// Arrogance /// Heights / // Lethargy /// Gallantry MorKach /// Harmonies, comp. /// Stupidity, stupid /// Anger, Anger (-y) /// Hunger /// Pride /// Grief (sorrow), grieve /// Bitterness /// Hospitality /// Willingness (th. ) /// Falls /// Rudeness /// Sadness /// Humanity /// Foresight /// Efficiency /// Depression /// Insolence /// Destructiveness /// Disharmony, comp. /// Debatability /// Kindness /// Virtue, -ness /// Benevolence, condition, (-ness) /// Conscientiousness /// Kindness (mental construct), kind /// Trust /// Trust /// Contentment /// Pesky /// Debt /// Annoyance /// Dignity /// Friendship /// Friendliness, friendliness (skill) /// Spirituality /// Stuffiness /// Peace of mind / // Uniqueness /// Unity, unity /// Naturalness /// Greed /// Thirst, (-thirst) /// Thirsts /// Pity /// Desirability /// Femininity // / Love of life /// Cheerfulness /// care, thoughtfulness (-y) /// Rejection /// Abandonment (-y) /// Completeness /// envy (-living) (-living) /// Fascination (- ny) /// Overwhelm (-th) /// Constriction /// Interest /// Complexity /// Completeness /// Confusion /// Closedness (-th) /// Boring (-tiredness) // / Intimidation (s) /// Confusion (confused) /// Shyness (s) /// Confused (s) /// Seedy /// Enchanted (s) /// Protection /// Security / // Anger, embitterment, angry, Evil /// Schadenfreude /// Slander /// Anger /// Significance /// Ignoring /// Fame /// Betrayal /// Variability /// Exhaustion / // Ingenuity (-th) /// Isolation (-th) /// Amazement, -ness (-th) /// Intelligence /// Interest, interest /// Awareness /// Exclusivity /// Sincerity, sincere /// Temptation /// Use /// Depravity /// Fright (fright), (-th) /// Lack /// Frenzy, frenzy /// Hysteria, Hysteria / // Caprice, capricious /// Prickliness, causticity /// Sociability nav. /// Complex (-ov) /// Comfort (-oshch), comfort /// Control, Control /// Self-interest /// beauty, Handsome /// Show off /// Loudness (-vyy) /// Bloodthirstiness /// Painstaking /// Easy /// Gullibility /// Lightness /// Cherish /// Laziness /// Laziness /// Deceit /// Hypocrisy /// Superfluous (somewhere , someone) /// Concept of love, love condition, amorousness /// Courtesy /// Beloved /// Love /// Curiosity /// Curiosity (s) /// Slowness /// Melancholy (- ny) /// Pettiness /// Measure, -ry h. /// Revenge /// Dreaminess, dream /// Darling /// Peace, Peaceful, sensational. peace /// Peacefulness, -ness /// Suspiciousness /// Silence, Silence /// Vengefulness (s) /// Wisdom /// Masculinity (s), courage /// Soft /// Gentleness /// Observation /// Hope /// Reliability /// Hopeful, hope. /// Arrogance /// Annoyance (-th) /// Tension /// Violence, Violent /// Enjoyment /// Mockery /// Perseverance /// Alertness (-th) /// Real (? ??) /// Assertiveness /// Saturation /// Insolence, Insolence /// * In a state of decline /// * Not appreciated /// Inadequacy /// Carelessness /// / Impoliteness /// Unluckiness /// Innocence, Innocent /// Inattention /// Incontinence /// Incontinence (???) /// Negativity /// Indignation /// Malice / // Distrust /// Dissatisfaction (s), Displeasure /// Underestimation /// Unworthy /// Tenderness /// Independence (s) /// Insecurity (s) /// Ignorance (?? ?) /// Insignificance (s) /// Fury (s) /// Neutrality (s) /// Awkwardness /// Hatred (s) /// Unnecessity (s) /// Lack of education, part (s) /// Necessities, parts (s), (s) /// Unsociability /// Uncertainty /// Disorganization, (s) /// Inevitability /// Unpreparedness /// Inferiority, (-th) /// Incomprehensibility of part, (-th), incomprehensible /// Inconsistency /// Spontaneity of part, (-th) /// Dissimilarity of part. /// Inflexibility, part /// Non-recognition /// Restlessness /// Inconspicuousness /// Lack of adaptation /// Dislike /// Rejection, part /// Trouble, part, unpleasant /// Nervousness /// Nervous /// Nervousness /// Indecision /// Sloppiness /// Inability /// Irrelevance /// Non-existent, non-existence /// Misfortunes /// Impatience, Impatience /// Impatience /// Uncertainty, ( -ny) /// Restlessness, (-ny) /// Loser, -liviness /// Inconvenience /// dissatisfaction (frustration) /// Displeasure /// Irrelevance /// Uncontrollability h., (-my ) /// Lack of perseverance /// Invulnerability /// Dishonesty /// Low (...*feeling of a low ceiling...) /// Worthlessness, (s) /// Worthlessness /// Nostalgia /// Needs // / Neediness, neediness /// Charm /// Discouragement /// Concern /// Depreciation /// Gluttony (???) /// Resentment, Resentment, Touchiness /// Offended /// Relief / // Deception, Deception /// adoration /// Sociability /// Community /// Unity, unification /// Obligation /// Sadness /// Limitation, restriction /// Loneliness, lonely /// Approval /// Spirituality /// Liveliness, Revival (s) /// Concern /// Puzzled /// Illumination /// Bitterness /// Mischief /// Disgust. /// Fear /// Danger /// Patronization /// Justified /// Neatness /// Optimism, optimism /// Empty /// Refreshing /// Liberation /// Offended /// Caution /// Wit /// Condemnation /// Courage /// Courage /// Rejection, outcast /// Responsibility /// Disgust /// Rest /// Responsiveness /// Frank /// Openness, - ty /// Detachment, Absence /// Denial /// Backwardness (???) /// Detachment /// Despair /// Charm /// Dazed /// Stunned /// Panic /// Panic /// / Passivity /// Patriotism /// Change, (-chiness) /// Frightened, frightened /// Pessimism, (-zm) /// Sadness (sadness), sad /// Poignancy /// Bad /// Victory /// Beaten /// Depression /// Support /// Under-control /// Meanness /// Suspicion /// Submission /// Rise /// Positive /// Shame /// Abandonment /// Peace /// Usefulness /// Completeness /// Flattered /// Helping /// Understanding /// Understandability /// Popularity /// Constancy /// Shameful /// Loss /// Loss of condition / // State shocks /// lust, Lust /// Reverence /// Reverence /// Truthfulness /// Righteousness /// Correctness /// Excellence. /// devotion /// Betrayal /// Anticipation /// Prejudice /// contempt, -ity /// Beautiful /// Charm, -ny /// Neglect /// Persecuted /// Satiation /// Friendliness /// Attachment /// Pickiness /// Down-to-earthness /// Gratitude /// Influx of energy /// Affiliation /// Belittlement /// Integrity /// Acceptance /// Shame /// Pretending /// Attractiveness /// Liking /// Pleasant /// Probing /// Provocation /// Contradiction /// Forgiveness, Forgiving (?) /// Shyness /// Punctuality /// Emptiness / // Efficiency /// Balance /// Indifference /// Joy /// Cordiality /// Irritation, Irritability /// disappointment /// Reasonableness /// Furious /// Vulnerability /// Repentance / // Looseness /// Looseness /// Angry /// Absent-mindedness /// Relaxation /// Upset, frustration /// confusion /// Effortlessness /// Wastefulness /// Laxity /// Jealousy, jealousy /// Decisiveness /// Shyness /// Romanticism /// Luxury /// Rokhlya /// Routines /// Zealous /// Independence /// Self-confidence /// Self-deprecating zhenie /// Self-worth /// Sarcasm /// Confusion /// Sveta ch. /// Light /// Freedom /// Holiness /// Restraint, restrained, Restrained /// Sexuality /// Sentimentality /// Cordiality /// Seriousness /// Strength /// Strength /// Sympathy /// Shining /// Skeptical /// Stiffness /// Sorrow /// Secrecy /// Boredom /// Stinginess MorKach /// Bored /// Weakness /// Feeble-minded /// Weak /// Love of fame /// Glory /// Voluptuousness /// Tears /// Talkative /// Broken /// Listen, absorbed in listening (???) /// Courage /// Brave /// Death, -ness /// ridiculousness /// Humility /// Confused /// Confusion /// Condescending /// Composure /// Property /// Conscience / // Create (ness) desire (???) /// Doubt /// Drowsiness /// Sleepy /// Empathy /// Competition /// Co-involvement /// Concentration /// Compassion /// Co-creation /// Sympathy /// Sympathy /// Hasty /// Calm /// Controversial /// Ability /// justice /// Grow /// Love of money (-self-interest) /// Stability, (- ste) /// Herd /// Constraint /// Shy /// Persistent /// Suffering /// Passion /// Fear /// Aspiration, impetuosity /// Stress /// Strictness /// Shame , Shyness /// Fussiness, vanity /// Crazy /// Happy /// Happiness /// Satiety /// Mystery /// Tact, Tact /// Creativity /// Warmth /// Patient, - ost /// Patience /// Tolerance /// Quiet /// Crowds /// Thick /// Languish /// Triumphant /// Melancholy /// Accuracy // / Nausea /// Tragedy /// Demandingness /// Anxiety(s) /// Anxiety (personal) /// Trembling /// Hard work /// Cowardice(s) /// Dumb / // Dullness /// Vanity /// Heaviness /// conviction, -ness /// Respect(s) /// Confidence(s) (-personal.) /// Passion( -nie) /// Depression (s) /// Threatening /// Remorse /// Sullenness (s) /// Luck /// Surprise (s) /// Satisfaction (s) (- ny) (-ness) /// Pleasure, Satisfied, Contentment (with little) /// Horror (-th) /// Accommodation /// Smiling /// Ability to fantasize /// Moderation /// Tenderness (- ness) /// Peacefulness /// Humiliation /// Despondency /// Discouragement /// despondency /// Despondency /// Stubbornness /// Balance /// Ugliness /// Perseverance /// Fatigue /// Compliance /// Comforted /// Fatigue /// Tired /// Refinement /// Loss /// Deterioration // / Defectiveness /// Comfort (s) /// Vulnerability /// Vulnerability /// Imagination (s) /// Blues /// Thriftiness /// Good /// Courage (s) - lack of fear of DANGER /// Determination (s) /// Chastity (s) /// Integrity /// Integrity (s) /// Value /// Tenacity (s) /// Honesty (s) / // ambition /// Honor /// Cleanliness /// Sensuality /// Sensitivity /// Feeling – /// Strangeness /// Unsteadiness /// Shocking /// Noisy /// Playfulness (- vyy) /// Generosity, generous /// Egoism /// Selfishness /// Egocentricity (???) /// Euphoria /// Ecstasy /// Ecstasy /// The elegance of the sea. Quality /// Emotionality (s) /// Empathy /// Energy (s) /// Enthusiasm comp. /// Eroticism /// humor /// Humor is a skill. (-th) Humorous /// Rage (-th) /// Clarity /// ///
Why do people experience emotions?
Emotions arise spontaneously, but certain factors are necessary for their occurrence.
For example, if a person is in great pain, then you can see the corresponding facial expressions on his face, and he may also scream. Each person has his own emotional threshold of sensitivity. Therefore, each person reacts differently to the same situations. We probably have emotions because they help us survive. But they can also drive us crazy when they control us too much.
There is another reason why we have developed emotions. It lies in the fact that emotions help build relationships and connect communities of people. We would not be able to coordinate our goals so well if we did not love, fear, trust, and have a sense of pride.
A person is predisposed to experience certain feelings that are necessary not only for survival and relationship building, but also for everyday life. Without emotions we would live like robots. Work would be monotonous, like all of life. Emotions color our world.
What types of emotions are there?
There are a large number of emotions, thanks to which we have the opportunity to better perceive our world. Until recently, scientists believed that there were only 7 basic feelings. However, recent studies have proven that there are many times more emotions, about 27.
Globally they are divided into three parts: positive, neutral and negative. According to the degree of manifestation, they can be sthenic (manifest very actively) and non-sthenic (almost not manifest).
Despite the fact that in the global sense there are only 3, there are many more subtypes:
- Basic. These emotions are inherent to every person. They do not depend on gender, age, nationality. Everyone knows how to be sad and happy;
- Variable. Due to territorial characteristics;
- Congenital. Emotions we are born with. For example, fear of heights;
- Purchased. Emotions that we acquire throughout life. For example, after a car accident, people may become afraid to drive private vehicles;
- Elementary. Neutral. Mainly emotions of calm;
- Composite. They are a combination of elementary;
- Natural. Inherent in man by nature
- Cultural. Emotions received in the process of learning from their parents or mentors;
- Cognitively simple. We experience such emotions as a result of instant reactions to any stimulus;
- Cognitively challenging. Unlike cognitively simple ones, such emotions are born after a deep understanding of what happened.
Thanks to the expanded classification system of our functions, we have many possibilities for expressing emotionality.
Positive emotions
As mentioned above, emotions can be negative and positive. Most people like to feel good, and positive emotions help us feel uplifted and more comfortable. Positive emotions usually do not need a reason; we feel them involuntarily.
Experiencing emotions such as happiness, excitement, joy, hope and inspiration are vital for anyone who wants to lead a happy and healthy life. Luckily, you don't have to experience them all the time to reap the benefits of positive emotions.
These moments, often fleeting, can be what make your life better and brighter. Beyond just feeling good, positive emotions are also an important part of happiness. Moreover, happy people live longer and work better.
Negative emotions
Negative emotion or affect is the experience of negative emotions such as anger, frustration, guilt, nervousness and fear. Causing negative emotions in your friends when they are enraged by your behavior is one of the ways to make them angry.
Therefore, it is important to learn how to prevent negative influences from affecting you and instead create positive emotions. To do this, it is enough not to be an irritant to other people and to behave correctly in certain situations. It is important to understand how much your behavior will be accepted by society at the right time.
A person can mask his emotions depending on the situation in which he finds himself. In our society, many emotions are considered to be a sign of weakness, therefore, people often hide their emotional experiences and try to smile in those moments when there is no joy in their souls
Theories of emotions
Information theory P.V. Simonova : emotions arise when there is a mismatch between a vital need and the possibility of satisfying it (with a lack of information necessary to achieve the goal); A person's awareness of the means to satisfy a need can relieve emotions.
L. Festinger's cognitive theory : positive emotions - if expectations are confirmed. Negative – if expectations are not confirmed
Biological theory P.K. Anokhina : positive emotions arise if the result of an action matches or exceeds the expected result. The discrepancy leads to anxiety and the search for new combinations that would lead to positive emotions.
Classification of types of emotional phenomena
Man is the most emotional creature. He is capable of experiencing tens of thousands of shades of emotions at different periods of his life, but a person’s vocabulary is limited to 5-6 thousand words, which are not enough to express all these shades. There is no single classification of emotions. Let's present the most common classification in psychology (see Fig. 1).
| Types of emotional phenomena (according to the degree of awareness, objectivity, stability and generality) |
| EMOTIONS (according to strength, speed of occurrence and awareness of the causes of occurrence) 1. Sensual tone; 2. Emotions themselves (basic): joy, surprise, interest, sadness, anger, disgust, contempt, fear, shame, guilt; 3. Moods; 4. Affects; 5. Stress. |
| FEELINGS 1. Moral; 2. Intellectual; 3. Aesthetic; 4. Practical. PASSIONS |
Rice. 1. Types of emotional phenomena
In Table 3 we give definitions to the emotional phenomena indicated in the classification.
Table 3
Types of emotional phenomena
| Concept | Definition of the concept. Purpose of emotion |
| Sensual tone - | - these are positive or negative experiences that accompany certain vital influences (taste, temperature, etc.) and encourage the individual to maintain or eliminate them. Many human sensations have a certain emotional connotation. We don’t just smell or taste something, we perceive it as pleasant or unpleasant. When we feel warm or cold, we simultaneously experience pleasure or displeasure. Images of perception, memory, thinking, imagination are also emotionally charged. A.N. Leontiev called this phenomenon “bias” of reflection and considered it one of the essential features of human cognition. |
| Basic emotions - | - these are emotions that are situational in nature, expressing an evaluative attitude towards developing or possible situations. They are short-term, quite strongly expressed, and the reasons for their occurrence are quite well understood by humans. These emotions have been well studied and 10 main ones have been identified among them (K. Izard). Each basic emotion underlies a whole spectrum of states. Almost all of them can be read by facial expressions. |
| Joy - | - a positive emotional experience associated with the ability to sufficiently fully satisfy an actual need. Serves to establish contacts with people, retain useful thoughts and actions in memory, and eliminate the negative impact of negative emotions. |
| Astonishment - | - an emotional reaction to sudden circumstances that does not have a clearly defined positive or negative sign. Serves to extinguish the existing activity of the nervous system and to prepare the body for activity in a new situation. |
| Interest - | - an emotional reaction to something new, a source of motives for learning and creativity. |
| Sadness (grief, suffering) - | - an emotional signal of the inability to satisfy vital needs. It manifests itself in chained thoughts to the object of sadness, tears, bitterness in the mouth. Sadness slows down the pace of life, gives you the opportunity to look back, see the future, and in this sense is an adequate state. |
| Anger - | - an emotional experience, negative in sign, usually occurring in the form of affect and caused by the sudden emergence of a serious obstacle to the satisfaction of an extremely important need for a person (pain, restriction of freedom, physical influence, etc.). Anger ensures the mobilization of all the forces of the body to fight. |
| Fear - | - a negative emotion that manifests itself when a person receives information about a real or imagined danger; emotional reaction to danger. Fear is a way of activity and protection from strong shocks. |
| Disgust - | - a negative emotional experience caused by objects (objects, people, circumstances, etc.), contact with which comes into sharp conflict with the ideological, moral or aesthetic principles and attitudes of a person. In evolution it arose as a defense against poisoning. |
| Contempt - | - a negative emotion that arises in interpersonal relationships and is generated by a mismatch in life positions, views and behavior with the life positions, views and behavior of the object of experience. Contempt is the rejection of another person. |
| Shame - | - a social emotion that expresses the subject’s awareness of the inconsistency of his actions, thoughts, appearance with the expectations of other people and his own ideas. The experience of shame is an indicator of condemnation of one’s actions and the desire to correct them. |
| Guilt - | - an emotion that arises when moral and ethical standards . Without the individual’s acceptance of social norms, social norms do not arise. Guilt expresses a person’s condemnation of his action and himself, accompanied by a decrease in self-esteem, repentance and a desire to improve. Experiencing the emotion of guilt is similar to experiencing shame. |
| Mood - | - a stable, weakly expressed, relatively long-lasting experience that colors a person’s behavior and activity for a considerable time. The reasons are not always clear to the person experiencing them, but they always exist and can be determined. Mood depends on health, self-esteem, level of aspirations, character, etc. It is an emotional reaction not to the direct impact of certain events, but to their significance in a person’s life in the context of his life plans, interests and expectations. Mood is an individual’s unconscious assessment of how favorable circumstances are for him. Can be joyful and sad, cheerful and depressed, cheerful and depressed, calm and irritated. It indicates that a person is determined and ready to react in a certain way. S.L. Rubinstein believed that, 1) it is not objective, but personal; 2) this is not a special experience dedicated to some particular event, but a diffuse, general state. Other people, their attitude, their attention, care, even just their facial expressions shape a person’s mood. Repeated often, mood can become a stable personality trait (pessimists and optimists). The older a person is, the more stable and constant his mood becomes. Mood leaves a significant imprint on a person’s behavior: it can stimulate or suppress his activity. When a positive mood prevails, a person easily experiences temporary failures and disappointments. Therefore, it is important to be able to manage your mood (through reflection, self-knowledge, introspection, mastery of the means of mental self-regulation). |
| Affect - | - an emotional experience that arises suddenly, quickly takes possession of a person, proceeds rapidly, characterized by a change in consciousness, a violation of volitional control. It occurs in extreme conditions, when a person does not see a constructive way out of an existing situation. The cause of affect is most often a conflict between a person’s strong attraction, desire, desire for something and the objective impossibility of satisfying the urges that arise. When affected, the volume of consciousness narrows and is limited to a small number of ideas and perceptions that are closely related to the emotion being experienced, and all the forces of the body are mobilized. The forms of its manifestation are anger, delight, ecstasy, horror, despair or stupor, stiffness. The affect ends with a loss of strength, fatigue and even fainting, since extremely strong excitement, having passed the limit of the working capacity of nerve cells, is replaced by unconditional protective inhibition, emotional shock. Impaired consciousness can lead to the inability to subsequently remember episodes of the event that caused the affect, or the event as a whole ( complete amnesia ). Expressing emotions in the form of affect is not desirable. With the exception of rare cases of the development of pathological affect, accompanied by deep clouding of consciousness, a person is responsible for his actions committed in a state of passion. It would be wrong to think that affect is completely uncontrollable. Despite the apparent suddenness, it has certain stages of development. And if at the final stages, when a person completely loses control over himself, it is almost impossible to stop, then in the beginning any normal person can do this. Of course, this requires enormous volitional efforts, all the more significant the more the affective state has developed. The most important thing here is to delay the onset of affect, “extinguish” the outbreak, restrain yourself, and not lose control over your behavior. There are special techniques that help a person cope with a strong emotion and prevent it from turning into passion. To do this, it is recommended to notice and realize an unwanted emotion in time, analyze its origins, release muscle tension and relax using the following techniques: breathe deeply and rhythmically; attract a pre-prepared “duty image” of a pleasant event in your life; try to look at yourself from the outside, separate the experience itself from the object that “caused it,” etc. Thus, affect can be prevented, but this requires endurance, self-control, special training, and the development of moral qualities of the individual. Almost all experienced affects are remembered. Their influence on the psyche is so great that often even a memory causes a reaction of trace affect. A person, in his memory, seems to be reliving it. Having studied the mechanism of trace affect, A.R. Luria in the early 1930s. created the first lie detector. Its action was based on the fact that when naming words associated with experienced affect, a person unconsciously exhibits a complex of vegetative and motor reactions. Initially, the lie detector was used to answer questions during the interrogation of defendants and witnesses. Now it is not used in domestic criminology, firstly, for ethical reasons, and secondly, because of the possibility of obtaining unreliable information, i.e. the same type of change in vegetative indicators occurs with different emotions. |
| Stress – Physiological stress – Information stress – Emotional stress – Depression – | - neuropsychic stress caused by extremely strong extreme exposure; the state of the necessary total mobilization of the body’s forces and mental activity to find a way out of a very difficult, dangerous situation (Enikeev M.I.). - this is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand presented to it, which helps it adapt to the difficulty that has arisen and cope with it (G. Selye). With the help of stress, the body mobilizes itself entirely to adapt to a situation that cannot be dealt with by ordinary means. Stress is a natural part of human life, and not all stress is harmful. Stress, according to Hans Selye (1907-1982), a Canadian biologist, physician and psychologist, is a nonspecific response of the body to any demand presented to it (adaptation syndrome). It manifests itself in incoherence of speech, confusion, memory impairment, etc. It occurs in three stages (G. Selye): 1) anxiety – mobilization of all the body’s defenses to adapt to a situation that cannot be dealt with by conventional means (eustress). This is manifested in the intensification of the work of internal organs, in improving the volume and stability of attention, and in increasing efficiency. A person is internally ready to overcome obstacles; he is characterized by faith in success. But already at this stage, increased excitation from the centers of the brain spreads to the peripheral parts and internal organs; 2) stabilization - the situation is consolidated, there is an overexpenditure of adaptive forces (distress). All systems of the body, brought out of balance, begin to function at the maximum level. Externally, the behavior differs little from the norm, everything seems to be getting better, but internally there is an overexpenditure of adaptation reserves. If the effect of stress factors continues, the third stage begins; 3) exhaustion, resulting in deterioration in health, illness (nervous or somatic ) and even death. A feature of stress is that a person reacts not only to danger or a real worsening of the situation, but also to the threat of it. For example, stress often arises not only in the situation of job loss or divorce, but also in the fear of losing a job or in anxious anticipation of the breakdown of a marital relationship. Behavior under stress is different from affective behavior. Under stress, a person, as a rule, can control his emotions, analyze the situation, and make adequate decisions. If it lasts for a long time, serious problems arise. People experience stress in different ways (lion stress (danger spurs a person, forces him to act boldly and courageously; activity increases, forces are mobilized, activity efficiency increases) or rabbit stress (can cause disorganization of activity, a sharp drop in its effectiveness, passivity and general braking)). Not a single person manages to live and work without experiencing stress. Everyone experiences severe life losses, conflicts, and stress when performing difficult or responsible work from time to time. Some people cope with stress more easily than others, e.g. are stress resistant. Based on the type of stressor and the nature of its influence, stress is distinguished between physiological and psychological. — the body’s reaction to a threatening situation (pain, blood loss, breathing problems, etc.). Psychological stress is divided into informational and emotional. - a type of stress that occurs in a situation of significant information overload, when a person cannot cope with the task of processing incoming information and does not have time to make the right decisions at the required pace (especially with high responsibility for the consequences of decisions made). This type of stress is characterized by a decrease in the volume and concentration of attention, increased distractibility, inability to concentrate, memory deterioration, an increase in the number of errors and wrong decisions, thinking becomes confused, unable to assess existing conditions or predict results. — a type of stress (R. Lazarus) that occurs when a person is emotionally overloaded; Most authors associate its occurrence with situations of threat, resentment, danger, etc. The consequences of this type of stress are the following. Tension, anxiety, and restlessness increase. Painful suspiciousness appears, the feeling of health disappears. Sleep gets worse. The consumption of drugs and stimulants is increasing. Personality characteristics change: neat people can become slobs, sociable people can become gloomy and withdrawn. Life goals can be abandoned, hobbies abandoned. Depression, feelings of helplessness, or emotional outbursts may occur. Responsibility for what happens is often placed on other people. Thoughts and phrases containing a threat of suicide arise. — an affective state characterized by a negative emotional background, a change in the motivational sphere (decreased or complete lack of interest in the world around us, etc.), cognitive ideas and general passivity of behavior. Ways to reduce the psychotraumatic impact of stressful situations: 1) rationalization of an impending negative event, its comprehensive analysis, reducing the degree of its uncertainty, getting used to it, preliminary adjoining to it, eliminating the effect of surprise; 2) depreciation, reduction in the significance of a stressful situation; 3) extreme mental intensification of possible negative consequences of upcoming events (reality may turn out to be easier than expected crisis situations). |
| Emotional burnout - | — the mental state of healthy people who are in intensive and close communication with clients and patients in an emotionally charged atmosphere when providing professional assistance; manifests itself in emotional and/or physical devastation: a feeling of emotional tension and a feeling of emptiness; in this case, an indifferent and even negative attitude arises towards people served by the nature of their work, the consequences of which are irritability and conflict. Emotional burnout also leads to a decrease in labor productivity, self-esteem competence, increased dissatisfaction with oneself and a negative attitude towards oneself as an individual. Reasons : monotony and monotony of work, inadequate management, lack of conditions for career and professional growth, professional inconsistency, socio-psychological disadaptation, etc. Internal conditions influencing the occurrence of emotional burnout: accentuations of a certain type of character, high anxiety, high aggressiveness, conformity, inadequate level of aspirations, etc. Emotional burnout hinders professional and personal growth and, like stress, leads to psychosomatic disorders. Means of prevention: optimization of working conditions, psychological correction of emotional disorders in the early stages, etc. |
| Anxiety - | - a state of unconscious threat, a feeling of apprehension and anxious anticipation, or a feeling of vague anxiety. |
| Anxiety - | — a person’s tendency to experience anxiety, a state of conscious or unconscious anticipation of the impact of a stressor, frustrator; a fairly stable personality trait. |
| Panic - | - a motivational mental state associated with the manifestation of mass fear of a real or imaginary threat, a state of periodic fear, horror, growing in the process of mutual infection by them. |
| Frustration - | - an extremely emotionally intense negative state associated with the emergence of an obstacle that is insurmountable for a given individual in achieving a goal that is significant to him. (Enikeev M.I.) If the causes of frustration cannot be eliminated, a deep depressive state may occur, associated with significant and prolonged disorganization of the psyche (weakening of memory, ability to think logically, etc.). It manifests itself in unbearably painful, oppressive mental stress, in a feeling of despair, hopelessness, extreme aggressiveness towards the frustrator. The depth depends on the significance of the target being blocked and its proximity. Neuroses and character deformations may also occur: persistent self-doubt, low self-esteem and level of aspirations, rigidity (inability to change behavior programs). The intractability of frustration is due to the fact that a person cannot eliminate the causes of this condition. Therefore, he looks for some kind of compensating outlets, goes into the world of dreams, and sometimes returns to earlier stages of mental development (regresses). A person’s resistance to frustrators depends on the degree of his emotional excitability, type of temperament , and experience of interaction with such factors. What to do? Behave rationally, lower your level of claims, come to terms with difficulties, etc. |
| Euphoria - | - a mental state (mood), which is characterized by carelessness, serenity, complacency, carelessness and at the same time an indifferent attitude towards the serious aspects and phenomena of life. Euphoria is caused by alcohol, drugs, spectators for artists, etc. |
Feelings
Feelings are the most developed and complex form of emotional processes in a person; they are formed under the conditions of his life in society.
Higher feelings are a special form of experience associated with more complex spiritual needs, which contain all the richness of truly human relationships. The objects of these feelings are individuals, groups of people, cultural objects, works of art and literature. The education of higher feelings is of a cultural and historical nature, associated with the awareness and acceptance of universal human values, knowledge of national characteristics, folk traditions and rituals (MSPU).
List of all emotions (most common)
Among all known human emotions, the most powerful are the emotions from the list below:
- Anger. Has anyone ever told you not to do what you want? How are you feeling? Is your blood starting to boil, is your temperature rising? This is usually how anger is described. Your body reacts to something that is not happening your way, and this is an attempt to correct the situation;
- Sadness. If you miss a deadline, get a bad grade, or don't complete work, you'll probably feel upset. Sadness happens when we are unhappy with ourselves, our accomplishments, or the behavior of someone else around us. Sadness can be a healthy experience because it indicates that we are passionate about something. It can be a great catalyst for achieving change;
- Joy is a feeling of delight, happiness, and perhaps even euphoria, often experienced as a sudden surge due to something good;
- Hope is a feeling of optimism and anticipation of a positive future;
- Pride is a feeling of self-approval and pleasure in an achievement or skill.
To prevent your emotional state from harming you and your environment, you need to learn to control your feelings and emotions. Despite the fact that emotions arise on their own, it is quite possible to curb them. In any current situation, you need to look at the circumstances soberly in order to prevent bad consequences.
A list of a person’s emotions and feelings will help you understand your inner state. Using this table, you can divide our emotions into certain groups in order to understand your inner world more deeply and stop in time if the situation gets out of control.
Frequently used emotions
Basic human emotions have not changed in thousands of years, and we still experience fear, lust, love and joy. The basic emotions of a person can be counted on one hand, but there are a great many derivatives. The more developed the society, the richer the palette of emotions. In primitive societies, such as the indigenous tribes of the Amazon forest, there is no such diversity. They know what fear, joy, lust, sorrow, pleasure, regret are, and this is quite enough to survive in the wild.
Civilized people also most often experience precisely this set of emotions, but in a “diluted” and modified form. This is due to the active mental work that we all carry out. The simpler life is, the more primitive the emotions. The richer a person’s inner world (readability, education, curiosity, developed nervous system, subtle mental organization), the richer his emotional baggage.
How to learn to control your emotions
To avoid an outburst of emotions, it is worth taking a few simple steps to calm your agitated spirit and restless mind. When the situation passes, believe me, you will thank yourself for being able to keep your emotions in check and become your own boss.
Fully managing yourself emotionally requires mental discipline and sacrifice. For those who are primarily familiar with their sentimental experience, managing emotions can be one of the most difficult aspects of life.
Having a reliable method in your arsenal is a game changer. We are going to share a technique that many famous people use to constantly monitor their condition and free their mind from constant indulgence in the vast emotional palette offered to us all.
Everyone experiences negative and unproductive thoughts, and most of us can remember ones that have left us confused, wondering what alternate universe or reality they came from.
You can't always control the crazy things that come into your head, but you can control how long that thought stays constant, whether you allow it to take root, influence your feelings, and ultimately dictate your actions. Although you cannot have absolute control over your feelings, you can control some of them through closed action.
The path of closed action is a phenomenon in which a person suppresses feelings within himself for a certain period of time. For example, it is better to contain your anger if you are sitting in your boss’s office.
Depending on what emotions a person experiences. Internal energy in the body is concentrated in the form shown in the figure. Understanding this, you can direct the flow of this energetic charge in the right direction and learn to control yourself in any situation
How to express emotions
Many people find it difficult to express their emotions. Some people overexpress how they feel, while others don't share at all. Knowing how to accurately express your emotions will help you in your personal, social, and professional life. There are many theories and techniques that teach how to suppress or control emotions. This approach has been proven to not actually be effective.
Emotions and feelings are spontaneous and automatic, and must be felt and expressed. It has been scientifically proven that avoiding and suppressing them can have negative psychological consequences. Modern therapies such as acceptance, commitment and other techniques such as mindfulness can help you accept your feelings and learn how to restore them.
Your emotions are a part of you and need to be taken care of. To express emotions correctly, you must understand the situation you are in.
You need to learn to recognize feelings. You need to see the line between places where you can behave without restrictions, and where you definitely need to control yourself.
It is worth paying special attention to your inner state. To act and react correctly in certain situations, you must always be calm. If you are confused, then most likely the situation you are in will very quickly get out of control
Meditation exercise for understanding emotions
When working with clients, I often use a meditation exercise to help them better understand their own emotions. It is so effective that I decided to make an audio recording so that anyone could use this technique. The mechanism of action of the exercise is based on the connection between emotions and bodily reactions. Any, even the most insignificant, emotion is reflected in the body (read more about this here). By learning to listen to your own bodily reactions, you can become more familiar with your emotions.
You can do the exercise right now. Here's the entry:
Once you have learned what emotions are like and have easily learned to describe your inner state, you may be interested in exploring yourself more deeply. For example, you may want to figure out what positive meaning emotions can carry that, at first glance, are absolutely meaningless and even harmful. Read about this in the next article.
Benefits and harms of emotional state
Sometimes an emotional state can lead to a real disaster. This happens because there is always a need for a balance between negative and positive emotions. If you are too happy, almost to the point of euphoria, you will not be able to concentrate on work or school and will subsequently produce poor results.
This fact is called compensation. We also get harm from negative feelings; we can be sad for so long that we become depressed. We can also benefit from our emotional state. Thanks to some facts that please us, we feel more confident and courageous.
You should take your ability to control your own emotional state very seriously. After all, it has long been proven that oversaturated emotions can cause serious illnesses
Damage to the integrity of your energy shell opens up the possibility of many mental and physical illnesses. In the early stages of this gap, you can correct this situation without much difficulty.
You can seek advice from healers who will explain your problem and help prevent further destruction of the energy shell.
Summarizing
So, emotions are an important chemical process inside the human brain that regulates the psychological part of his life.
Feelings help us respond to any stimuli from the outside world. As a rule, they are accompanied by some changes in the body. They are divided into several types and have many functions. They brighten up our lives and, without any doubt, are our internal guidelines that help us choose the right step in any situation.
People need to be sure to respect their emotions and not keep them inside, as this can be dangerous due to the possibility of falling into depression and other mental illnesses.
Physiological aspect of human emotions
Human emotions are experienced at the physiological level. This is about the fact that the psyche is tightly connected with the body: they mutually influence each other. If I think that I am in danger, I will experience the emotion of fear, which will entail the following changes in the body :
- all senses will become sharper - for example, dilated pupils are needed in order to better see space;
- adrenaline will enter the bloodstream - a hormone that mobilizes the entire body and improves physical performance (endurance);
- breathing quickens;
- blood flow increases speed;
- the heart speeds up;
- blood pressure rises;
- the stomach shrinks into a lump;
- an attack of diarrhea, etc. is possible.
All these physiological changes are necessary so that I can escape, driven by the instinct of self-preservation, which screams at me: “Run! It's dangerous here! in response to my thought about the threat.
Thus, the body adapts to what we think and how we experience reality.
This is why it is important to maintain psychological hygiene: cultivate positive thinking , which entails positive emotions. A calm, peaceful body releases hormones of happiness and pleasure, does not get sick, and is able to heal itself.
