What is cynicism

This article was developed under the heading: Psychology.

Section: Character.

Few of us have not encountered manifestations of cynicism in life. But not every person understands what this definition means. Cynics behave defiantly, show aggression, ridicule the ideals of other people, and do not create any illusions or fantasies. Such people neglect and despise the rules that are accepted in society. They do not see the point in these rules and foundations and do not show pity. Compassion, sympathy, and shame are alien to them. According to most people, this character trait is negative. However, such behavior is not always based on a person’s conscious decision. Quite often, cynicism is a manifestation of unconscious reactions to psychological trauma and problems. Let's figure it out together in this article: is cynicism a style of behavior or a reaction to psychological trauma?

Cynicism can be caused by various reasons, and the person himself is not always to blame

Cynicism is, in simple words, a character trait in which a person denies manifestations of higher feelings and motives in the form of love, sympathy, selflessness, and sacrifice. A cynical person is convinced that love is just an illusion, just a chemical reaction and an imposed attitude. Cynical people think that sincere and selfless love is just a fiction. In a way, cynics are extremely pragmatic and are not fooled by manifestations of sentimentality and other emotions.

Cynics show a negative attitude towards various universal human values - love, pity, compassion, mercy, sympathy. Cynics neglect these values and mock them. According to the cynic, the reason for these values lies in commercialism and the desire to assert oneself. Such thinking gives rise to reflection and critical conclusions. A cynic person has difficulty adapting to changes, has a negative attitude towards them, does not rely on feelings and emotions, and is guided only by common sense.

Cynicism from Lat. “cynismus” means a person’s frank, defiant, dismissive and contemptuous attitude towards the moral norms, values and ideas of other people.

Who is a cynical person

Cynicism is a pronounced personality trait. Who are cynics in simple words - these are people who have clearly formed principles of life, they consciously choose their path. According to the cynic, there are no irreplaceable people in the world, no things that need to be treasured. They do not hover in optimistic utopias that everything will be fine if they hold on to emotions and people.

A cynic contacts people around him only if he sees some benefit for himself, without violating his interests or creating discomfort. Cynicism manifests itself in indifference to sublime things, to love. The meaning of the word cynical is that a person does not show sympathy, sympathy, or compassion. Cynics devalue the successes and achievements of other people. For them there are no authorities, sometimes they are intolerant of the opinions of others, they believe that only their opinion is correct.

A person can become cynical both at a conscious age and in childhood. The formation of such a personality is influenced by many factors. A child may show cynicism towards others due to childhood psychological trauma. Therefore, before accusing a person of being cynical, try to find out the reason for such behavior. And in some cases, provide assistance.

A person can become cynical at any age

Examples from life

Examples of value are quite varied. They can extend from family relationships to relationships with animals. Cynicism can be distinguished by its main characteristics: a person’s detachment, indifference, lack of empathy and compassion, as well as irritability towards people’s problems.

The following life situations can be cited as examples of cynicism:

A person knows how to resist manipulation. For example, there is a mother who is used to controlling her son’s life. Doesn't accept any girl, throws tantrums if her son doesn't listen to her. At one point, the guy’s healthy cynicism manifests itself - he brings his future wife to meet his mother, who, out of habit, starts a scandal, but the son simply offers to drink a sedative and does not fall for his mother’s manipulations.

It is important to understand that cynicism is not always a negative character trait. In some cases, cynicism is a way of resisting the manipulations, hysterics, and neuroses of other people. In certain cases, cynicism can be situational and not permanent.

Often cynics simply defend themselves with their behavior. This attitude often manifests itself in people who have been subjected to psychological violence in any of its forms for a long time. For example, a child has been subjected to humiliation and manipulation by relatives and immediate circle throughout his life. As a result, a person stops appreciating other people’s feelings and emotions and becomes a cynic, since his feelings and emotions during adolescence were not important to others.
Cynicism is a professional deformation. In many ways, the manifestation of cynicism is associated with a person’s professional activity. An example of such professions would be a surgeon or an investigator. Investigators and law enforcement officials often have distorted ideas about morality and emotional boundaries. This manifests itself in cynical jokes and attitudes towards issues of life and death.

The reason for cynicism is often professional deformation

What is cynicism like?

Cynics are not perceived in a negative way by society; this character trait is now even becoming fashionable. Young people consider this position to be strong and smart. Cynicism comes in different forms; it can be divided into the following types:

Healthy cynicism. This is not a character flaw. Such a person does not play the lottery, does not follow the lead of boors and arrogant people, and does not allow himself to be deceived or insulted.
Hate romance. Offended and irritated by displays of love, kisses, flowers, love letters and various manifestations of romance. I am convinced that love is very rare in the world and does not tolerate deception.
A follower of black humor. He shocks the people around him with sarcastic remarks and rude jokes.
Pest. He cannot control his disdainful attitude towards people, is indifferent to other people's misfortunes, and often gloats over other people's problems. He likes to mock people and “troll” them.
Materialist. There are no feelings, there is only clear calculation and benefit. Easily breaks up with a person if he sees the futility of the relationship.

About healthy types of cynicism

Svetlana Kovalenko

Psychologist, clinical psychologist

Ask a Question

Cynicism in modern society is a way of resisting external stimuli. Based on the understanding of cynicism in modern psychology, it is used to abstract from constant external factors that cause neurosis, psychosis, and hysteria. If you notice yourself being excessively cynical. You understand that cynicism has long outgrown healthy boundaries. You realize that cynicism has roots in your psychological traumas. If you see that it is difficult for your loved ones to maintain contact with you, contact a psychotherapist or psychologist.

Cynicism from a psychological point of view

In psychology, this character trait has a different meaning. Experts say that this is a type of neurotic behavior. The person is not interested in generally accepted norms of behavior and values. Such a neurotic is accustomed to destroying the usual foundations and rules, mocking standards and values.

Neurotics are a fairly collective category in psychology. The main sign of neurotic people is a constant feeling of anxiety about everything. How do mentally healthy people differ from neurotics? The fact that they also experience nervousness, but based on real emotions that have real reasons. Neurotics, on the other hand, continuously generate the causes of their irritation within themselves.

We do not support the position of attributing cynicism to a neurotic state. On the contrary, cynicism is a way of avoiding irritants, unnecessary neurosis and worries. Since a person refuses to experience emotions in relation to many aspects of life.

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Signs of cynicism

To know whether there are people with cynical reasoning in your environment, you need to not only know the meaning of this trait. It is recommended to familiarize yourself with the main manifestations of this psychological feature:

Specific behavior in society. He is distinguished by rude speech and categorical judgments. For him there is only black and white. Does not accept other people's points of view and opinions, treats everyone with disdain.
Disregards moral values, ethics, and religious canons. He cannot enjoy contemplating masterpieces of art and culture, and does not want to follow generally accepted moral laws.
Mental callousness. Anyone who is a cynic does not know how to sympathize, empathize, show compassion, regret, shows the height of cynicism. Not influenced by negative thoughts.
People are treated with commercialism. In their environment there are only those with whom it is beneficial for them to contact; an ordinary person will not be in their social circle. An alliance with such a person is full of disappointments. He does not show tender feelings for his loved one, is not a romantic, and requires patience with himself. He can change with a calm soul and not suffer from remorse.
He is a skeptic and shows sarcasm. A cynical person is disdainful of other people's values. Makes sarcastic comments about other people's experiences. He does not think that his words can hurt and cause suffering.
For such a person there are no authorities. For him, modern cultural objects, historical figures, fame and recognition do not matter.
Sympathy and compassion are manifested specifically. They are cold and emotionally distant, and most often sympathize only to assert themselves.

Signs of cynicism will help you recognize a cynic person

Definition

Cynicism

call a negative spiritual and moral quality, manifested in rude and sarcastic remarks, an arrogant attitude towards certain people and events.

The beginnings of cynicism can manifest themselves at a young age in the form of negativism.

References to this personality trait come from Ancient Greece - from the philosophical school of Cynicism, founded by the follower of Socrates, Antisthenes. Subsequently, Diogenes of Sinope became a prominent representative of Cynicism. Being carried away by the ideas of Socrates, the Cynics were unable to fully continue his work. Their philosophy was based on the practical morality of Socrates with his inherent self-control, unpretentiousness in clothing and nutrition. Legend has it that Diogenes made do with a minimum of goods and lived in a clay barrel. Behaving provocatively, he was ridiculed more than once, but he did not care. The Cynics formed disdainful views on the moral values and norms of society, ignoring established rules in simple things (religion, manner of dressing, attitude towards shrines, etc.). Their main goal was to get rid of everything conventional and to be natural. According to their ethics, they tried to “unlearn evil,” which in their understanding consisted of a break with customary moral norms.

The Latins began to call the Cynics cynics, and gradually this definition became stable, acquiring a negative meaning. Cynicism was not welcomed: it was stated that “there is no justification for it.” For the first time, this personality trait was examined in detail in the works of such famous thinkers as Peter Sloterdijk, Bertrand Russell, A. Kanke.

Reasons for cynicism

There are certain mechanisms for the development of cynicism, the reasons for which may be:

previously experienced disappointment in life, betrayal of a loved one, pain, loss, other negative experience;
features of parental education - lack of tenderness and affection, excessive severity and rudeness;
the presence of a strong intrapersonal conflict, existential crisis, loss of faith in justice, destruction of ideals and illusions;
loss of support, lack of self-confidence, feeling threatened;
very high self-esteem, pride and manifestations of selfishness;
disregard for generally accepted values in order to express one’s individuality;
signs of a more serious and deep psychological illness.

The main mechanism of development is strong long-term negative experience, excessive self-confidence, thanks to which a person considers himself superior to others. Before becoming a cynic, a person experiences a strong shock, after which his outlook on life changes.

With the help of healthy cynicism, people protect themselves from professional burnout and other negative consequences for the psyche. Moreover, they perform their tasks more professionally, since they turn off feelings and emotions. For example, a judge becomes dispassionate when making a decision; the defendant should not arouse pity or hatred in him.

Types of Cynicism

According to psychologists, there are two types of cynicism:

Domestic. It manifests itself in everyday life through immoral actions, disregard for norms of behavior and other people's feelings, ridicule of people, ignoring other people's interests and desires.
Professional. It often occurs in those individuals whose psyche systematically suffers from serious trials.

There is also another classification of cynicism:

legal - a person does not want to live in accordance with legal norms and laws;
social – disregard for moral standards;
social – present in a separate community;
economic – expresses dissatisfaction with the economic system.

About types of cynicism

Svetlana Kovalenko

Psychologist, clinical psychologist

Ask a Question

In my opinion, it is necessary to distinguish between types of cynicism based on reasons and external expression. In the first case, cynicism is divided into professional, personal and caused by illness. Personality, in turn, can be divided into many types: acquired in childhood, acquired in adulthood, cynicism in relation to certain social models and roles. For example, indifference towards children.

In the second case, cynicism will be divided into permanent and situational. The latter means a person's reaction to certain cases. At the same time, the rest of the person has empathy, experience and awareness of moral norms.

A separate case is cynicism as a sign of some psychological illness. For example, a personality disorder.

Cynicism from a psychological point of view

In psychology, it is believed that cynicism is one of the types of neurotic behavior. A person is not interested in generally accepted norms of behavior and values. He mocks popular beliefs and destroys conventional standards and authorities.

When does cynicism first begin to appear?

Until the age of three, the child does not oppose himself to the world, does not demonstrate his uniqueness. Having crossed this age limit, he radically changes his behavior, acquiring previously unknown traits. The child enters a critical age, showing hysterics, commanding loved ones and being offended for many reasons.

Many parents are shocked by this “reincarnation.” Having realized his own “I,” the baby begins to fall into negativism, which helps him express his individual needs and desires. Defending his identity, he confronts adults, refusing what he previously liked or ignoring their requests. If such behavior manifests itself especially clearly, the assumption gradually appears that the child is susceptible to cynicism. In fact, this is just a stage of growing up that is gradually disappearing. If the parents failed to direct the child’s thoughts and self-expression in the right direction, the personality trait remains, and the growing person continues his self-affirmation.

Brief description of a cynic

Cynical people oppose lofty ideals and feelings; they do not believe in love. They don’t think about shame, they are sure that everything in life can be bought, that there are no things or values that need to be treasured. Such individuals communicate with other people only when it is beneficial for them. He will reject everything sublime and does not believe in true love and friendship.

Sympathy, pity and compassion are not inherent in such people. They can only sympathize if they are trying to be superior. They can laugh at the values that are important to other people. Can communicate rudely, point out mistakes, criticize, make sarcastic remarks. For him there are no authorities, he can aggressively perceive the opinions of others, his own opinion is considered the only correct one. Such a person suffers from anxious thoughts, inner emptiness, complete confusion, and awareness of injustice.

Do not confuse cynicism with a complex personality

Who is a cynical person or a cynic person?

Cynicism is a pronounced personality trait. Only an adult with formed life principles, experience and a conscious choice of such a position can be called a true cynic. Such a person is accustomed to believing that people can be replaced, and there are no things that really need to be treasured. A cynic makes contact with others only if he sees this as a benefit for himself or does not violate his comfort. He is indifferent to everything sublime and love for him is limited only to the physical aspect. Such a person is alien to sympathy, sympathy, and compassion in difficult life situations.

A person characterized by cynicism devalues the achievements and pleasant events of those around him. He has no authority, and is often intolerant of his opponent’s position, considering his opinion the only correct one.

Cynicism has long been no longer perceived in such a negative light as in Ancient Greece, and is even becoming fashionable. More and more young people consider this position to be strong and reasonable.

There are different types of cynics, and they can be roughly divided into the following types:

Healthy cynicism
. This type cannot be called a disadvantage. With healthy cynicism, a person does not get carried away by lotteries, does not follow the lead of impudent people, and does not allow himself to be insulted or deceived.
Romance hater
. He is offended and irritated by expressions of love, kisses, flowers and sweet love letters and other romance. He is sure that if love exists, it is expressed differently. He often goes to extremes and cannot stand deception and platitudes.
Supporter of black humor
. A cynic who often shocks others with rude jokes “on the verge of a foul.” A fairly innocent type of cynicism, but many find it particularly offensive. Despite a cynical sense of humor, such a person is often distinguished by a good disposition and, paradoxically, loves those around him.
Pest
. A cynic who has no control over his disdainful attitude towards others can quickly fall into this state. He is not only indifferent to the grief of others, but can also openly gloat over them. He likes to mock others, and even the fact that some of them are not able to stand up for themselves does not stop him.
Materialist
. Cynicism, in which feelings are “turned off” - only reason and clear calculation are present. Such a cynic will not be tormented by an ending romance or someone’s unkind attitude. Realizing that the relationship is not working out, he easily gets rid of it.

How to quickly recognize a cynic in life

Recognizing a cynic in life can be quite a difficult task. Most people simply have a wayward character and rudeness, which can be confused with a cynic. By what factors can you recognize such a person:

Lack of empathy. In standard human relationships, each person tries to understand the other, to put himself in his place. A cynic will not try to feel compassion for your problems, your feelings and emotions. Moreover, he will not even be able to feign empathy to alleviate your emotional state;
Lack of a system of moral principles and values. In most cases, those general norms of behavior that are inherent to everyone are empty words for a cynic. In conversations on most topics, the lack of moral values will stand out;
Deviant behavior. If, when communicating with a person, you see deviations from the person’s model of healthy behavior, perhaps you are a cynic.
Black humor. If a person is not involved in difficult professions, but you see his unhealthy attitude towards issues of life, death, love, etc., then this may be one of the manifestations of cynicism.

Remember that the main method for recognizing a cynic is communication. Only communication and social interaction can be effective mechanisms for recognizing unhealthy people around you.

Cynicism as a way of life: why is it beneficial?

Cynicism forms a pattern of behavior for a reason. If a person chooses to become a cynic, it means he sees certain advantages . And they really are:

The cynic does not fall for the hook of manipulators who achieve their goals by exploiting other people's feelings of guilt;
It's easy for a cynic to say no;
A cynic does not waste himself communicating with people who are not pleasant to him;
A cynic has a high resistance to stress and is able to soberly assess the situation.

However, with all these bonuses, the cynic continues to walk a fine line, since the line between healthy and unhealthy cynicism is very thin . Excessive callousness repels not only manipulators from the cynic, but also people with whom they could find happiness.

Pros and cons of cynicism

This character trait has positive and negative sides.

The Advantages of Cynics

The main positive aspects of cynicism include:

This feature allows you not to fuss, but to call a spade a spade. Sometimes it's necessary. Such a person will not beat around the bush, but will say everything straight. Also, he will not allow a dishonest and selfish person to take advantage of his trust, without hesitation he will exclude the hypocrite from his social circle.
With its help, a person can soberly assess the situation. Take off your rose-colored glasses and understand what the point is. He will not justify ill-wishers and offenders, and can sensibly evaluate the actions and intentions of strangers.
This is a defense mechanism. A person is confident in his abilities and rarely feels weak. With the help of healthy cynicism, he does not allow others to be rude, intrusive, or tactless towards themselves. He can easily protect himself from external negativity and rudeness.
Helps you make the right decision. A person is freed from unnecessary illusions, weaknesses, emotions and hopes. Begins to soberly assess the situation, acts on the basis of facts, not guesses and assumptions. Such people often achieve good results in the professional field.
People know how to achieve the goals they set for themselves. They are not guided by fears or thoughts of what others think of them.

Cynicism can be positive and healthy

Disadvantages of Cynics

The disadvantages of this character trait include:

such individuals seem callous, rude, evil;
they are lonely because their friends do not like their excessive directness and sarcasm;
may cause pity among others;
they are unemotional, so they are difficult to understand and difficult to communicate with;
such individuals neglect important human values that can help them become happy and satisfied with life.

Negative cynicism is hidden aggression and neurosis

How to live if you are a cynic

You can live with cynicism. If this character trait does not have a negative impact on your psyche, you just need to accept it. If possible, restrain yourself from sarcasm and dark humor, since people really don’t like it.

You need to learn to trust people, understand that not everyone is a hypocrite, not everyone is looking for profit. It is important to adhere to healthy cynicism, it helps in life. If possible, restrain yourself from various discussions and disputes. Your arguments are too painful for people. Psychologists recommend learning to enjoy life. Turn off your mind more often, feel your heart, obey its will.

If you feel that this trait is causing you discomfort, consult a psychologist. He will help you work through the problem and find its causes. Afterwards, it will be easier for you to control cynicism and get along with it.

[edit] Quotes

Pull you out of the Internet, remove your fashionable clothes, take away your devices and gadgets, remove all brands - and what will be left of you?

The most primitive and easily controlled crowd is the one where everyone screams about their uniqueness and individuality.

Twenty-year-old brats who call themselves poets, writers and writers make me sick more than gopniks.

“There’s nothing to say - fuck off the spelling!” - a typical argument of illiterate idiots. However, to be honest, the ignorant idiots don’t deserve even one wasted minute, let alone a full-fledged discussion..

Sociologists have found that among the audience of business quotes and notes from successful people, 93.5% are on their parents’ necks, 6.5% have already gone to an interview at McDonald’s.

Stormy youth: “Prison”, funny pictures and public pages with the same idiotic quotes. There will be something to tell the children about.

Any value system is relative and subjective. Therefore, stubborn moralists are no better than stubborn religious fanatics.

It's funny to watch how yesterday's goths, punks and anarchists who fought against the system shave off their mohawks, put on ties and go to work in an office for twenty.

I really don’t give a damn about children dying from various shitty diseases, for whose treatment they are intensively collecting money on VKontakte. Actually, you don’t give a damn either - I differ from you only in that I’m not afraid to say it out loud.

The closer to death, the more people rummage through their past - trying to find moments that justify the general meaninglessness of life. It's no surprise that most people don't succeed.

The fashionable trend of condemning Internet addiction looks quite funny. Especially when it is discussed on the Internet.

How to Deal with a Cynic

It is difficult to communicate with such a person, especially for emotional people. If it is not possible to exclude him from your social circle, it is recommended to follow these tips:

Don't try to convince. A cynic has excessively high self-esteem, he considers himself the smartest and is confident that he is right.
Do not engage in polemics or disputes. Such a person will always find a lot of arguments to prove that he is right.
Do not allow yourself to be drawn into conflict. Even if you see that a person is behaving inappropriately, do not try to quarrel with him or be rude.
Gain trust. This must be done if you value your relationship with him.
Don't try to change it.

When forced to communicate with a cynic, try to smooth out corners and not give an emotional reaction

How to raise a cynic child

There are simple rules for raising such a child:

do not ridicule his behavior and emotions;
do not give in to the desire to conflict;
praise and encourage good actions and behavior;
be emotionally attached, show your love;
Be responsible;
show that your child comes first;
help you express your emotions.

It is important to understand that children's cynicism is easier to correct than an adult's. When communicating with your child, think about whether your behavior is the cause of this character trait in your child.

Cynicism towards women

A cynical man inspires confidence, alluring harshness, masculinity and sexuality. But this is only until he starts a relationship with a woman. She will either have to endure it or leave.

There is a common feature for all cynic men - they prefer to be in open relationships. They don't believe in love and deny romance. They are unapproachable, vulnerable, hiding their true feelings under the guise of coldness and sarcasm. They are afraid to trust and open their hearts.

If you, as a woman, are not satisfied with this attitude from a man. Don't try to re-educate the person. Accept that this is not your person.

Who is Negative

Nigativ is the creative pseudonym of rapper Vladimir Afanasyev, who gained fame as part of the Triad group.

Vladimir was born in 1981 in the family of an artist and a school teacher; his childhood and youth were spent in the Krasnodar region. At the age of fifteen, he graduated from school with a gold medal and entered the Faculty of Physics and Technology of Kuban State University.

Vladimir Afanasyev “Nigative”. Photo taken from the site sobaka.ru

After receiving his diploma, he got a job at the Russian aerospace agency. After working there for several years, he became a cellular communications engineer. However, for more than ten years he has been engaged exclusively in creative work, being a musician, actor and writer.

Vladimir became interested in rap music in high school, and his first musical projects appeared while studying at the institute. The most significant was the group “Triad”, in which Nigativ was 19 years old and which, in the opinion of many, became one of the main groups of Russian rap. At the same time, the musician released solo albums, and in 2008 he left the group, maintaining friendly relations with its second member, Dino.

The pseudonym Nigativ is a mixture of the words “nigga” (distorted English “Negro”, considered an insult to blacks) and “negative”. The nickname was invented by a friend of Vladimir’s while still at the institute, who once saw him dressed in black clothes and noticed that it looked like a negative photograph of a black man in a white suit.

Since 2010, Vladimir has been actively acting in films and TV series. Negative is also interested in literature, mainly classics, and has already published two books.

How to deal with cynicism

In order to cope with cynicism, you need to focus on developing empathy, compassion, learning to set priorities correctly and accept spiritual values. Cynicism is an acute manifestation of realism and egoism. The idea of cynics is based on satisfying their needs and interests, material and personal desires.

To get rid of cynicism, you need to develop romanticism in yourself and gradually get rid of selfishness. Start doing something selflessly for other people, develop empathy, learn empathy. Remember when you enjoyed life and contemplated something beautiful. Return to this moment and remember your feelings.

The most effective way to combat cynicism is to consult a specialist

How to become a cynic

To become a cynic you need:

focus on your disappointments;
expect a repetition of negative experiences;
question the motives of all people;
openly express your opinions and thoughts;
use black humor;
Don't be afraid to voice your disapproval.

Remember that being a complete cynic will never bring about positive changes in your life. Moreover, it will deprive you of a certain range of emotions, experiences and life experiences.

The most famous cynics

Sigmud Freud

The father of psychoanalysis reduced all high feelings to simple instincts. He believed that people are not the crown of creation. This misanthrope believed that man is only a puppet in the hands of an evil, irrational world will.

He considered the essence of man to be only procreation, without any bright feelings. I didn’t want to be deceived by other ideas.

One of the founders of modern psychoanalysis was a real cynic

Friedrich Nietzsche

Nietzsche was an atheist who believed that all human ideals are buried with God. At heart, he was a romantic who lacked bright ideals and expectations. They died after disappointments in life.

Cynics among philosophers are quite common

Dr. House from the series of the same name

Many doctors are forced to become cynics. This is an important condition for them to do their job professionally. Every surgeon has fatalities in his work. And if they grieved over every patient who could not be saved, they would not be able to be good doctors.

The image of Dr. House is an example of the cynicism of doctors. He doesn't like people and considers illnesses a mystery that he must solve.

The most popular image of a cynic from media culture